国外典型电力平衡市场的运作模式及其对中国的启示  

Study on Operation Mechanism of Foreign Representative Balancing Markets and Its Enlightenment for China

作　　者：贺宜恒 周明 武昭原 龙苏岩[2] 徐骏[2] HE Yiheng;ZHOU Ming;WU Zhaoyuan;LONG Suyan;XU Jun(State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources（North China Electric Power University）,Changing District,Beijing 102206,China;China Electric Power Research Institute（Nanjing）,Nanjing 210003,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]新能源电力系统国家重点实验室(华北电力大学),北京市昌平区102206 [2]中国电力科学研究院(南京),江苏省南京市210003

出　　处：《电网技术》2018年第11期3520-3528,共9页Power System Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51577061);国家电网公司科技项目(SGJLDK00KJJS1800057)~~

摘　　要：为了解决电力系统实时运行的供需平衡问题并提高运行经济性,国外典型电力市场均建立了实时平衡市场,并取得了成功的运行经验。而我国当前正处于从中长期电量市场向中长期交易和现货交易过渡的市场模式,目前采取的是电量交易和偏差考核结算,系统仍按照计划调度方式运行,缺乏促进系统实时平衡的激励机制,出现了结算考核费用不能有效覆盖系统平衡成本等问题,亟需建设适应现货交易的市场化平衡机制。为此,对国外典型平衡市场的运作模式及其结算方法展开研究,首先总结了平衡市场的运行框架,然后选取采用＂辅助服务市场＋调节电能市场＋不平衡结算＂模式的北欧和英国市场及＂一体化交易＂模式的美国PJM市场,从平衡资源获取、平衡责任划分和不平衡结算方法三方面对典型平衡市场进行了介绍,分析了不平衡电量结算和平衡服务容量成本分摊之间的耦合关系;随后对两类平衡市场模式进行了对比,分析了不同模式的特点和适应性;最后结合我国当前偏差考核结算机制存在的问题及市场化平衡机制的发展需求,对我国市场过渡期乃至现货市场开放后的平衡市场建设提出了相应的建议。In order to improve real-time operational economy and reliability of power system, representative electricity markets introduce real-time balancing market based on real-time dispatch and achieved successful experience. China＇s forward electricity market is currently in a transition to the model combined with spot market. Current subject matters of transactions and settlements are electricity volumes merely. Besides, the dispatch and balancing management still operates in a traditional way. Lack of market-oriented balancing management mechanism leads shortage of spot price signals and net settlement fees cannot effectively cover balancing costs. There is an urgent need to establish a market-based balancing mechanism suitable for spot trading. Therefore, a study is carried out on operation modes and settlement methods of foreign balancing markets. Firstly, this paper sums up the operational framework of typical balancing markets and presents Nordic balancing market, UK balancing mechanism and PJM real-time market respectively from three aspects, namely procurement mechanisms of balancing resources, balance responsibility, and imbalance settlement. Furthermore, characteristics of above market models are compared and their adaptability is analyzed. Finally, corresponding suggestions are put forward for China＇s balancing market design based on analysis of existing problems and development needs.

关 键 词：平衡市场 现货市场 平衡资源 平衡辅助服务 不平衡结算 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]