历代本草所用柴胡物种辨析  

Species discrimination of Bupleuri Radix in herbs works of past dynasties

作　　者：王晖 张改霞 杨成民 隋春 魏建和 WANG Hui;ZHANG Gai-xia;YANG Cheng-min;SUI Chun;WEI Jian-he(Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education ＆ National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所中草药物质基础与资源利用教育部重点实验室濒危药材繁育国家工程实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中草药》2018年第20期4928-4934,共7页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2016-I2M-2-003);中组部万人计划项目(w01020145);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-21)

摘　　要：柴胡为常用中药材,约从汉朝本草中就出现有关柴胡的记载。由于柴胡属物种较多、种间形态相似,而且历代本草对其形态描述不详,导致今人在判断古代中医临床中所使用的柴胡物种时造成很大的困难。总结分析历代重要本草中有关柴胡的形态和功效描述,综述现代学者对本草中柴胡种的鉴定研究结果,以厘清古代中医学家使用哪些柴胡种入药。在唐朝之前,中医使用的柴胡应为功效相似的一类柴胡属植物,后来逐步过渡到混用伞形科狭叶柴胡Bupleurum scorzonerifolium、银州柴胡B.yinchowense、石竹科银柴胡Stellaria dichotoma var.lanceolata等多种植物,到明清时期才将石竹科银柴胡从柴胡中区分出来,进一步明晰了其功效与柴胡有很大不同。明朝时出现了"北柴胡"的称谓,"南柴胡"的称谓则出现于民国时期。随着柴胡分类研究的深入,"北柴胡"和"南柴胡"逐渐与柴胡属植物柴胡B.chinense、狭叶柴胡一一对应。Bupleuri Radix,originally appeared in Chinese materia medica（CMM） dating from the Han Dynasty,is a commonly used herb in clinical practice.According to ancient Chinese medical literatures,the morphological description of Bupleuri Radix was vague based on the species-rich and similar patterns,thus it exhibited significantly problems in species identification of Bupleuri Radix which applied in ancient Chinese medicine clinical practice.This paper summarizes important descriptions of morphology and efficacy of Bupleuri Radix from CMM in past dynasties.Research results from modern scholars about identification Bupleuri Radix are summarized to find out which species of Bupleuri Radix in clinic by traditional Chinese physicians.A kind of Bupleurum plants,having consistent efficacy,were used by traditional Chinese physicians before the Tang Dynasty,then Bupleurum scorzonerifolium.,B.yinchowense,and Stellariae dichotoma var.lanceolata were used as Bupleuri Radix simultaneously.Stellariae Radix,its efficacy is different from the efficacy of Bupleuri Radix,was distinguished from Bupleuri Radix in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.With the deepening of research of taxonomy,＂Bei Chai Hu＂（corresponded to B.chinese DC.） and ＂Nan Chai Hu＂（corresponded to B.scorzonerifolium Willd.） first appeared in the Ming Dynasty and the Republic of China era respectively.

关 键 词：柴胡 基原 本草考证 本草典籍 狭叶柴胡 银柴胡 

分 类 号：R281[医药卫生—中药学]