中国农村老年人认知功能及影响因素研究  

Cognitive function and its influencing factors among the rural elderly

作　　者：张兰 韩业坤[2] 石寿森 ZHANG Lan , HAN Ye -kun, SHI Shou -sen(Binzhou Medical College Affiliated Hospital Clinical Skills Training Center,Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China)

机构地区：[1]滨州医学院附属医院临床技能实训中心,山东滨州256603 [2]滨州医学院附属医院药学部,山东滨州256603 [3]滨州医学院图书馆,山东滨州256603

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第21期3846-3850,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：滨州医学院人文研究中心课题(13-RWXLKT-012)

摘　　要：目的了解中国农村老年人认知功能及其影响因素。方法采用2015年"中国健康与养老追踪调查"(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据,共纳入全国150个县级单位,450个村级或社区单位60岁及以上的农村老年人7 174人,应用多重线性回归分析认知功能的影响因素。结果农村男性老年人的认知功能得分为(9. 9±4. 0)分,女性为(7. 4±4. 4)分。在男性中,增龄、患慢性病数量多、IADL功能下降、抑郁是认知功能的危险因素;受教育程度高、BMI指数高、有经济活动是认知功能的保护因素。在女性老年人中,增龄、离异/丧偶/分居/未婚、患慢性病数量多、IADL功能下降、抑郁是认知功能的危险因素;受教育程度高、BMI指数高、睡眠6~8小时是认知功能的保护因素。结论在中国农村老年人中,男性的认知功能好于女性。不同性别老年人的认知功能影响因素有所不同,应对不同性别的老年人实施有针对性的预防认知功能下降的健康教育内容。Objective To investigate the cognitive function and its influencing factors among the rural elderly in China. Methods Our data were from the 2015 China health and retirement longitudinal study （CHARLS）. 7174 elderly participants aged 60 years and older were selected as subjects from 450 village - level units and community units of 150 county - level units in this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of cognitive function among the elderly. Results The result showed that status of cognitive function in male elderly was better than that in female elderly （9.9 ＋ 4.0 vs 7.4 ＋ 4.4 ）. Multiple liner regression analysis showed that older age, poor instrumental activities of daily living, depression and more chronic diseases were risk factors affecting cognitive function among both male and female elderly. Divorce, separation, widowhood and unmarried were the risk factors of cognition among female. Higher BMI and educational level were protective factors of cognitive function among both male and female elderly. Economic activity was the protect factor for male cognitive function, and 6 - 8 hours sleep duration was the protective factor of cognitive function for female elderly. Conclusion In rural China, The cognitive function of male elderly is superior to that of female. Our findings show that male and female elderly have different influencing factors of cognitive function, and suggest the identified protective and risk factors could be used to develop effective prevention programs to prevent cognitive decline among elderly with the consideration of gender differences.

关 键 词：农村老年人 认知功能 影响因素 性别差异 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]