生物炭对土壤硝化反硝化微生物群落的影响研究进展  

Advances in the study of the effects of biochar on soil nitrifying and denitrifying microbial communities

作　　者：张军[1] 周丹丹[1] 吴敏[1] 储刚[1] 常兆峰 李芳芳[1] 李顺有 ZHANG Jun;ZHOU Dandan;WU Min;CHU Gang;CHANG Zhaofeng;LI Fangfang;LI Shunyou(Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2018年第5期993-999,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41703121);昆明理工大学人才启动经费(KKSY201722006)资助~~

摘　　要：生物炭因具有发达的孔隙结构、丰富的表面官能团和无机矿物等特性,在控制农业面源污染和温室气体排放方面有着良好的应用前景.生物炭对氮循环微生物群落特征的影响是生物炭能否有效控制面源污染和改良土壤的核心问题.围绕生物炭对土壤氮循环微生物群落特征的影响,从生物炭的多元性、添加量和环境条件3个方面综述生物炭对土壤硝化和反硝化微生物的影响研究进展.高温热解生物炭对土壤氮循环微生物的积极作用要比低温热解生物炭效果好;生物炭原料来源、添加量对土壤氮循环微生物群落的影响存在较大差异;添加有机肥料要比常规化肥更能提高氮循环微生物碳源的利用能力及其活性;环境中的污染物如多环芳烃（PAHs）、酚类化合物（PHCs）和重金属等的存在不利于氮循环微生物的生存.随着分子生物技术的进步,未来应结合多种分子生态学技术和稳定同位素探针技术等手段研究生物炭对土壤氮循环微生物的影响机制,生物炭热解温度和添加量对土壤氮循环微生物的影响不容忽视,在长期的田间试验中应注意老化生物炭对污染物和氮循环微生物的影响.Biochar has high potential applicability for use in controlling agricultural non-point source pollution and greenhouse gas emissions because of its well-developed pore structure and high content of surface oxygen-containing functional groups, ash, and inorganic minerals. Uncertainty concerning the effects of biochar on characteristics of the nitrogen cycling microbial community is a key problem facing its use for controlling non-point source pollution and improving soil quality. In this study, the effects of biochar on soil nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms were reviewed in terms of biochar＇s diversity, the amount added, and environmental conditions. This review found that high temperature pyrolyzed biochar had better effects on soil nitrogen cycling microorganisms than low temperature pyrolyzed biochar. The sources of the biochar used, amount of biochar added, and soil pH had greater impacts on soil nitrogen cycling microbial communities. Organic fertilizers were able to improve the carbon utilization and activity of nitrogen cycling microbial communities more than conventional chemical fertilizers could. Environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds, and heavy metals, are not conducive to the survival of nitrogen cycling microorganisms. Given recent advances in molecular biotechnology, future studies of the impact of biochar on soil nitrogen cycling microorganisms should be combined with a variety of molecular ecological techniques and stable isotope probe technology. The influence of pyrolysis temperature and the amount of biochar used on soil nitrogen cycling microorganisms can also not be ignored. The differential effect of aged biochar on pollutants and nitrogen cycling microorganisms should be confirmed in long-term field trials.

关 键 词：生物炭 硝化作用 反硝化作用 硝化细菌 反硝化细菌 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学] S158.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]