降温期灌水和叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾对早稻产量的影响  

Effects of irrigation and spraying with foliar potassium dihydrogen phosphate on early rice yield during a seasonal cooling period

作　　者：杨军 黄淑娥 曹娜[3] 张崇华 王尚明 YANG Jun;HUANG Shu＇e;CAO Na;ZHANG Chonghua;WANG Shangming(Jiangxi Institute of Meteorological Science,Nanehang 330096,China;Agro-Meteorological Center of Jiangxi Province,Nanehang 330096,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanehang 330045,China;Agro-meteorological Experiment Station of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省气象科学研究所,南昌330096 [2]江西省农业气象中心,南昌330096 [3]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,南昌330045 [4]江西省农业气象试验站,南昌330200

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2018年第5期1132-1138,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406025);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201513);江西省气象科技项目(JMTF20170221)资助~~

摘　　要：为筛选灌水和叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾的最佳方案，防御降温对早稻的伤害，以杂交早稻‘淦鑫203’为材料进行分期播种，于2014-2015年气温下降期，开展灌水3．4cm水层、8．10cm水层、8．10cm水层夜灌日排（分别记为T1、T2、T3）和叶面喷施0．1％、0．3％、0．5％浓度的磷酸二氢钾（KH2PO4）（分别记为T4、T5、T6）的试验处理，以稻田0-1cm水层为对照，研究不同处理对早稻产量构成的影响．结果表明，降温期灌水和叶面喷施KH2PO4提高了早稻的叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、光合速率和产量．分蘖期灌水提高了有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率进而增加产量，穗分化期灌水通过提高穗粒数和结实率而增产，而穗分化期叶面喷施KH：PO。则提高了穗粒数、结实率和千粒重进而增产．早稻灌水增产效果排序为T3，T2〉T1〉CK，叶面喷施KH2PO4为T5〉T6〉T4〉CK．本研究表明，降温期采取灌水（8-10cm水层）和喷施0．3％浓度的KH2PO4技术措施可减少水稻6％的产量损失，有效防御降温伤害．（图2表3参31）The use of optimal levels of screening irrigation and spraying with foliar potassium dihydrogen phosphate （KH2PO4） can reduce chilling injuries to early rice. Hybrid early rice ＇Ganxin203＇ was sown at five phases, and then irrigation was conducted by applying a 3-4 cm layer of water, a 8-10 cm layer, and a 8-10 cm with night irrigation and day drainage, in treatments termed T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Foliar fertilizers were also sprayed on plants at concentrations of 1 000 mg/ kg （7.35 mmol/L）, 3 000 mg/kg, and 5 000 mg/kg of KH2PO4, which were termed T4, T5, and T6, respectively. Irrigation and spraying treatments were conducted during the periods in which temperatures were dropping （seasonal cooling periods） in 2014 and 2015. A paddy field with a 0-1 cm water layer was used as the control （CK）, and the effects of different treatments on the yield and components of early rice were quantified relative to the control in this study. Results showed that irrigation and spraying foliar KH2PO4 improved the chlorophyll content （SPAD value）, net photosynthetic rate, and yield of early rice during the cooling period. Irrigation at the tillering stage increased the number of effective panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, and the spikelets＇ fertility （i.e. ability to increase yield）, and irrigation at the panicle differentiation stage increased the number of spikelets per panicle and the spikelets＇ fertility. Spraying foliar KH2PO4 increased the number of spikelets per panicle, spikelets＇ fertility, 1 000-grain weight, and yield at the panicle differentiation stage. The strength of the effects of irrigation on early rice was greater for T3 and T2 than for T1, but all of these treatments had higher values than CK. For foliarspraying with KH2PO4, T5 had a greater effect than T6, which had greater effects than T4, and results in all treatments were greater than in CK. The optimal combination of defensive measures was irrigation with 8-10 cm of water at night with day drainag

关 键 词：早稻 降温 灌水 磷酸二氢钾 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S365