风力机雷电流分布数学模型及其过电压保护问题研究  

Study on Mathematical Model of Lightning Current Distribution of Wind Turbine and Overvoltage Protection

作　　者：高参 毛凯 张冬谊 蒯雷 GAO Can;MAO Kai;ZHANG Dongyi;KUAI Lei(State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Co.Qi＇nan Power Supply Branch Company,Chongqing 401420,China;State Grid Chongqiug Electric Power Co.Yongchuan Power Supply Branch Company,Chongqing 402160,China;State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Co.Jiangbei Power Supply Branch Company,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]国网重庆市电力公司綦南供电分公司,重庆401420 [2]国网重庆市电力公司永川供电分公司,重庆402160 [3]国网重庆市电力公司江北供电分公司,重庆401147

出　　处：《电瓷避雷器》2018年第5期132-139,共8页Insulators and Surge Arresters

摘　　要：风力机非常容易受到雷电袭击,因此保证风力机安全可靠的运行至关重要,风力机雷电保护的首要步骤是分析风机雷电流分布,基于实际工程中风力发电机结构和相关运行标准,将其几何和材料参数转换为EMTP-ATP软件中的等效电路模型,计算并分析风机雷电流分布和内部过电压问题。针对由于雷电直击风机转子叶片在其内部造成的电压应力问题,通过仿真计算分析了风机电气、IT系统的多种不同类型的过电压,仿真包涵了全变流风力机的电力电子器件分析。最后根据行业标准,通过依次添加保护装置的方法提出了在风力机通信、电气系统、杆塔塔顶、塔基分别加装避雷器的保护方案以减弱风机电气、IT系统的过电压侵害[1]。Wind turbines are very exposed structures to lightning. A reliable lightning protection system（ LPS） for wind turbines is therefore essential. The real structure of a specific standard wind turbine is considered. Based on the geometry and material parameters an equivalent circuit model is developed in EMTP-ATP. Using this model,the current distribution and overvoltages can simply be calculated. In the following paper this model is used to investigate the voltage stresses occurring inside the turbine due to direct lightning strike into a rotor blade. Based on the simulation results different overvoltage concepts for the electrical and IT systems are analyzed including the investigation of the power electronic converter of a full converter wind turbine. Ultimately an overvoltage protection concept is suggested that reduces voltage stresses for the electrical and IT system as well as the power converter according to standard.

关 键 词：风力机 雷电电磁冲击(LEMP) 雷电流分布 数学模型 ATP/EMTP 过电压保护(OVP) 变速风机系统 电力电子变流器 

分 类 号：TM315[电气工程—电机] TM863