再论秦汉“弃市”的行刑方式  

Rediscussing the Way of Execution of“Abandoning the Market”in Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：何有祖[1] He Youzu

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院、简帛研究中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《社会科学》2018年第11期137-145,共9页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“云梦睡虎地77号西汉墓出土简牍整理与研究”(项目编号:16ZDA115);国家社科基金重大招标项目“湖北出土未刊布楚简(五种)集成研究”(项目编号:10&ZD089)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：史学界对秦汉"弃市"的行刑方式是采用斩首之刑还是绞刑,仍存争议。这两种观点相应的证据材料多在东汉以后,据此较难厘清秦汉时期"弃市"刑的实质。在对益阳兔子山九号井第三·二号秦牍"刑杀"一词释读的基础上,可知"弃市"刑早期分为刑杀于市与弃尸于市两个要件,后逐渐提炼固化在"弃市"这一刑名中。由此,放马滩《墓主记》所记载的"弃市"刑中,"弃尸于市"的"弃"是指抛弃,而非杀。It is still controversial whether the punishment of the＂abandoning in the market＂in Qin and Han Dynasties is beheaded or hanged.By verifying the corresponding evidence of the two views,it is found that the evidential materials are mostly after the Eastern Han Dynasty,so it is difficult to clarify the understanding of the punishment of＂abandoning the market＂in the Qin and Han Dynasties.On the basis of interpreting the word＂killing by torture＂in Qin bamboo slips of No.3 and No.2 well No.9 of Rabbit Hill,this paper points out that the early stage of＂abandoning in the market＂penalty is divided into two elements：kill in the market and abandon the corpse in the market.Then it is gradually refined and solidified in the name of＂abandoning in the market＂,showing a clearer appearance of＂abandoning in the market＂penalty in this period.The punishment of＂abandoning in the market＂recorded in Fangmatan＇s＂Tomb Master＇s Records＂points out that the early＂abandoning the body in the market＂means abandoning,not killing.

关 键 词：弃市 兔子山秦牍 放马滩秦简墓主记 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]