中心干不同分枝数量对‘Y-1’矮砧‘富士’生理特性的影响研究  

Impact of Branch Amount on Physiological Characteristics of‘Fuji'Grafted on‘Y-1'Dwarfing Interstock

作　　者：蔡华成[1] 王骞[1] 高敬东[1] 李春燕[1] 杜学梅[1] 弓桂花[1] 杨廷桢[1] Cai Huacheng;Wang Qian;Gao Jingdong;Li Chunyan;Du Xuemei;Gong Guihua;Yang Tingzhen(Pomology Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制与利用山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《农学学报》2018年第8期52-56,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：山西省农业科学院重点攻关项目"Y-1矮砧富士标准化栽培关键技术研究"(YGG1640);山西省农业科学院特色农业技术攻关项目"苹果砧木种质资源筛选与创制"(YGG17035);农业部专项"国家苹果产业技术体系晋中综合试验站建设"(CARS-28)

摘　　要：为给‘Y-1’矮砧‘富士’高纺锤形树体最佳留枝量提供理论依据,以‘Y-1’矮化中间砧嫁接‘长富2号’为试材,通过中心干3种留枝数量(30、35、40)处理,探讨其对树体生长和果实产量品质的影响。结果表明,随着留枝量增加,‘Y-1’矮砧‘富士’树体树高、干径相应增大,但不同处理对树高、干径、冠径、新梢长度和粗度的影响差异不显著。留枝量35和40的树体光合有效辐射显著高于留枝量30的处理,3种处理的叶面积指数差异极显著,留枝量35的冠下、株间的叶面积指数分别为3.78、3.43,属于苹果栽培的最佳叶面积指数区间。果实产量随留枝量增加而提高,但这种影响在盛果期差异不明显,留枝量35的树体优质果率明显高于其他2个处理,同时,其果实单果重、可溶性固形物含量、硬度均极显著高于其他2个处理,可滴定酸含量最低,果实风味浓郁、品质最佳。综合考虑树体生长势、光能利用率、果实产量和品质、实际操作等因素,生产上‘Y-1’矮砧‘富士’高纺锤形树体的适宜留枝数量为35。The paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal branch amount of‘Fuji＇grafted on‘Y-1＇dwarfing interstock at high spindle system. In this study,‘Fuji＇on‘SH1＇dwarfing interstock were taken asmaterials, and the effects of branches 30, 35 and 40 on growth and fruit yields were studied. The resultsshowed that, the tree height and stem diameter increased with the increase of branch amount, but there was nosignificant difference on tree height, stem diameter, crown diameter, shoot length and roughness under differenttreatments. The photosynthetic radiation of branch amount 35 and 40 was significantly higher than that ofbranch amount 30, and there were extremely significant difference on the leaf area index among the threetreatments. The leaf area index of branch amount 35 was 3.78 and 3.43 under the crown and between the treesrespectively, belonging to the optimum leaf area index range of apple cultivation. The fruit yields increasedwith the increase of branch amount, but the effect was not obvious in the full bearing period. The high qualityfruit rate of branch amount 35 was significantly higher than that of the other two treatments, meanwhile, thesingle fruit weight, soluble solid content and fruit hardness were significantly higher than that of the other two treatments, the fruit quality was excellent with the lowest acid content. Considering the factors such as the treegrowth potential, light energy utilization, fruit yields and quality, practical management and so on, branchamount 35 is the appropriate amount for high-spindle-shaped tree of‘Fuji＇grafted on‘Y-1＇dwarfinginterstock.

关 键 词：'Y-1’矮化中间砧 '富士’ 留枝量 树体生长势 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]