八仙山不同立地条件落叶阔叶林群落结构和特征分析  

Analysis of Community Structure and Characteristics of Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest with Different Site Conditions of Baxian Mountain

作　　者：陈国平[1] 俎丽红 赵铁建[2] 冯小梅[2] 刘国泉 石福臣[1] Chen Guoping;Zu Lihong;Zhao Tiejian;Feng Xiaomei;Liu Guoquan;Shi Fuchen(College of Life Sciences,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Tianjin Baxian Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration,Tianjin 301900,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [2]天津八仙山国家级自然保护区管理局,天津301900

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期8-17,共10页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

基　　金：华北地区自然植物群落资源综合考察(2011FY110300);八仙山国家级自然保护区科技专项(2014172)

摘　　要：落叶阔叶林是北半球主要的植被类型之一,以我国华北地区暖温带落叶阔叶林最为典型且成分较为复杂丰富.为了更好理解暖温带北部山区森林结构和发育规律,在天津八仙山国家级自然保护区的阴坡、山脊和阳坡3种典型立地条件下分别设置1 ha样地,并对样方内所有胸径≥3 cm的树木进行详细统计分析.结果表明:阳坡样地树种有38种/ha,隶属于28属19科;山脊样地有33种/ha,隶属于22属15科;阴坡样地有31种/ha,隶属于22属16科.从物种多度、平均胸径、胸高断面积和重要值等指标分析表明,3个样地群落均具有明显的优势种,蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)和槲栎(Quercus aliena)分别占据重要地位. 3个样地所有树种的径级结构均呈现倒"J"型,说明群落整体更新良好;同时蒙古栎的径级分别在阴坡样地和山脊样地呈正态分布型,槲栎在阳坡样地呈偏正态分布型.样地立木材积以山脊样地最大(161.97 m^3/ha),其次是阳坡样地(154.29 m^3/ha),阴坡样地(111.41 m^3/ha)最小.分析3个样地中优势种空间分布格局,白蜡树(Fraxinus chinensis)在较小尺度上表现为聚集分布,随着尺度增加,随机和规则格局成为主要分布形式;蒙古栎、槲栎、紫椴(Tilia amurensis)均在较大尺度上表现为聚集分布格局.Our objective was to study the development and regeneration of northern warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest. One 1-ha plot was established in each of three typical site conditions of Baxian Mountain National Reserve. In three plots, all free-standing trees≥3 cm in diameter at breast height（DBH, 1.3 m above ground） were mapped, tagged, and identified to species. As for species composition,there were 38 species, belonging to 28 genera and 19 families in the sunny slope plot; 33 species, belonging to 22 genera and 15 families in the ridge plot; 31 species, belongs to 22 genera and 16 families in the shady slope plot. Data on species abundance, mean DBH, basal area and importance value indicated that the dominant species（Quercus mongolica and Quercus aliena） of climax community had obvious in three plots. The DBH size-class structure of all species in three plots conformed to a＂reverse J＂distribution,indicating good community regeneration. The size-class structure of Q. mongolica showed a normal distribution in the shady plot and ridge plot, and that of Q. aliena showed a skew normal distribution in the sunny plot. The order of standing tree volume was ridge plot（161.97 m^3/ha）sunny plot（154.29 m^3/ha）shady plot（111.41 m^3/ha）. Through analyzing the dominant species distribution patterns in three plots, we found that Fraxinus chinensis showed aggregated spatial pattern at small scales, the random and regular pattern occurred mainly at increasing scale; Q. mongolica, Q. aliena, Tilia amurensis showed aggregated spatial pattern at large scale.

关 键 词：八仙山 立地条件 落叶阔叶林 群落结构 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]