Immunodiagnosis of human hydatid disease: Where do we stand?  

作　　者：Bahador Sarkari Zahra Rezaei 

机构地区：[1]Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences [2]Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

出　　处：《World Journal of Methodology》2015年第4期185-195,共11页世界方法学杂志

摘　　要：Cystic echinococcosis(CE) is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Diagnosis of CE mainly relies on a combination of serological testing along with imaging approaches. A variety of serological methods, mainly based on hydatid cyst fluid, antigen B(Ag B) and antigen 5, have been developed and used for immunodiagnosis of CE, yet their performances are not satisfactory. Although utilizing of recombinant or synthetic antigens, improved the performance of serological tests, it has not applicably overcome the problem of low sensitivity and cross reactivity, seen in the diagnosis of CE. Performances of immunodiagnostic tests based on Ag B subunits are promising. The 8 k Da subunit of Ag B is the most studied antigen in native, synthetic or recombinant form for diagnosis of CE. From the 5 subunits of Ag B, antigen B8/1 and B8/2 provided the highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, detecting of specific antibodies of Ig G subclasses has improved the efficacy of immunodiagnostic tests. Among the Ig G subclasses, both Ig G2 and Ig G4 are considered as good markers for diagnosis and Ig G4 as a suitable marker for follow up of the patients. In this review an overview of immunodiagnostic methods, related antigens and their performances in the diagnosis of CE are given. The paper highlights pitfall and challenges in the serological diagnosis of CE. Moreover, limitation of currently available immunodiagnostic tests and the most recent development in the designing and application of serological assays for diagnosis of CE in human are addressed.Cystic echinococcosis （CE） is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus . Diagnosis of CE mainly relies on a combination of serological testing along with imaging approaches. A variety of serological methods, mainly based on hydatid cyst fluid, antigen B （AgB） and antigen 5, have been developed and used for immunodiagnosis of CE, yet their performances are not satisfactory. Although utilizing of recombinant or synthetic antigens, improved the performance of serological tests, it has not applicably overcome the problem of low sensitivity and cross reactivity, seen in the diagnosis of CE. Performances of immunodiagnostic tests based on AgB subunits are promising. The 8 kDa subunit of AgB is the most studied antigen in native, synthetic or recombinant form for diagnosis of CE. From the 5 subunits of AgB, antigen B8/1 and B8/2 provided the highest diagnostic sensitivity and specifcity. Moreover, detecting of specifc antibodies of IgG subclasses has improved the effcacy of immunodiagnostic tests. Among the IgG subclasses, both IgG2 and IgG4 are considered as good markers for diagnosis and IgG4 as a suitable marker for follow up of the patients. In this review an overview of immunodiagnostic methods, related antigens and their performances in the diagnosis of CE are given. The paper highlights pitfall and challenges in the serological diagnosis of CE. Moreover, limitation of currently available immunodiagnostic tests and the most recent development in the designing and application of serological assays for diagnosis of CE in human are addressed.

关 键 词：IMMUNODIAGNOSIS CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS HYDATID CYST 

分 类 号：O1[理学—数学]