美国加州大学崛起的背景、过程及原因分析——兼论对我国中西部高等教育振兴的启示  

Analysis on the Background,Process and Reasons for the Rise of University of California:The Enlightenment to the Revitalization of Higher Education in the Midwest of China

作　　者：夏焰[1] 梁祥君[2] 潘显敏 XIA Yan;LIANG Xiangjun;PAN Xianmin(Higher Education Institute,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China;Higher Education Office,Anhui Provincial Education Department,Hefei 230061,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学高等教育研究所,合肥230039 [2]安徽省教育厅高教处,合肥230061

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2018年第6期27-37,共11页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：安徽省教育厅高校省级质量工程重点项目"在校大学生社会责任意识现状研究--基于安徽高校社会责任教育改革实践的调查"(2016jyxm1170)

摘　　要：加州大学创立于当时偏僻落后的美国远西地区,建校时间远远落后于东部名校,面临着一系列政治、经济和社会问题,大学发展也一度陷入停顿。但是,经过一个多世纪的努力,加州大学发展成为美国最好的公立大学系统,被称为"公立高等教育的典范"。加州大学的崛起首先得益于各方政治力量的支持、政策法律的规制、经费筹措的努力,也在于加州大学历任校长的领导艺术和独特的分校发展模式。上述条件,为加州大学创造了优越的内外部发展环境和驱动力。在我国高等教育发展的新时代,振兴中西部高等教育已成为我国实施区域协调发展战略的重要组成部分。虽然加州大学的成功有其独特的政治、经济、社会和教育背景,但是我国中西部高等学校目前面临的许多困难和问题,也曾困扰过发展中的加州大学。鉴于此,振兴中西部高等教育,首先应鼓励东部高校在中西部开设分支机构,采用借鸡生蛋的模式,增加优质高等教育资源的供给,进一步提升中西部高等教育质量;其次,充分发挥省域内强校的辐射带动作用,采用借壳上市的模式,进一步扩大中西部高等教育规模;最后,从健全地方高等教育体系出发,采用抱团取暖的模式,实现分类发展和特色办学。University of California was founded in the remote areas in the western US with a series of political,economic and social problems. UC lagged far behind the eastern elite universities and once it had ground to a halt. However,after more than a century of effort,UC has developed into the best public university system in the US,known as the ＂model of public higher education＂. Firstly,UC is benefited from the support of political powers,the regulation of policy and law,the efforts of raising fund. Secondly,UC always persists＂the concept of California＂and the university＇s mission. Finally,UC has its great leadership of successive presidents and unique development mode. The above all have created an excellent internal and external development environment and driving force for UC. In the new era of the development of China＇s higher education,the revitalization of higher education in the central and western regions has become an important part of China＇s implementation of regional coordinated development strategy. Although the success of UC has its unique political,economic,social and educational background,but the universities in the Midwest of China are facing the same difficulties and problems as UC. Therefore,the eastern universities should be encouraged to set up branches to increase the supply of high-quality higher education resources and further improve the quality of higher education in the Midwest by the model of ＂borrowing chickens to produce eggs＂. And then,give full play to the role of strong universities to further expand the scale of higher education by the backdoor listing model. Finally,starting from the improvement of the education system of local higher education,the huddle group heating mode is adopted to realize the classified development and characteristic school running.

关 键 词：加州大学 高等教育 公立大学 高等教育系统 中西部高等教育振兴 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]