孙中山法治近代化思想中的创新与守本  

Innovation and Inheritance in Sun Yat-sen's Idea of Modernization of Constitution

作　　者：刘丹忱 LIU Dan-chen(School of Humanities,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人文学院,北京100088

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第6期128-138,共11页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"欧洲宗教改革史"(11BSS021)

摘　　要：孙中山是现代民主法治的最早追求者,他是站在肩负"继往开来"的战略使命以及"守本开新"的思想视野下,从实现中华民族伟大复兴的高度去思考中国法治近代化问题的。孙中山法治思想是一个动态的体系,随着形势的发展和认识的深化而不断丰富其内容。但贯穿其中的原则始终不变,那就是"集合中外精华",建设一个超越东西方的现代法治国家。创新与守本成为他的法治近代化思想的一大特色。依法治国、振兴中华是孙中山"五权宪法"的第一要义,"权能分开"作为理论基础,用以满足"主权在民"的需要。后来孙中山民权主义进一步完善,又提出了直接民权和地方自治的构想,贯彻地方自治是充分实现直接民权的重要保证。他晚年对于党治的强调以及革命程序论并未动摇法治作为其目的性的原则。孙中山极具特色的法治思想,作为中国法治近代化的一个里程碑,在中国法律思想史上占据重要的地位。同时对我们今天全面依法治国、建设法治国家也具有重要的借鉴意义。Sun Yat - sen is a pioneer to pursue modern democracy and constitution. He had the mission to carry on the past and open a way for future, and with the vision of inheritance and innovation, he thought deeply on modernization of constitution in China in order to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Sun Yat - sen＇ s thought of rule by law is a dynamic system which was unceasingly enriched with the development of situation and the deepening of his knowledge. But the principle through it had never changed home and abroad＂ and found a modern constitutional country that surpasses any o , that is ＂to combine essence at ther countries. Innovation and in- heritance make a unique feature of Sun Yat - sen ＇ s thought of constitutional modernization. Ruling by law and revi- talizing Chinese nation are the most important sense of ＂Five Powers Constitution＂, with ＂separation of powers from governing＂ as its theoretical basis, which was to fulfill ＂the principle of people~ government＂. Later, with his na- tionalism further improved, Sun Yat - sen presented the idea of direct civil rights and local self - government. Re- alization of self - government could guarantee sufficient implemtation of direct civil rights. Sun Yat - sen＇ s emphasis on party - government and his theory on revolution procedure did not shake the principle of constitution as its purpose. With a marked characteristic, Sun Yat - sen＇ s thought of rule by law, as a milestone in modernization of constitution, has a distinguished status in the history of Chinese legal thoughts. Meanwhile it is of great referential value to the construction of a country ruled by law.

关 键 词：法治近代化 五权宪法 中华民族复兴 全面依法治国 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]