山西省中晚熟玉米种植区不同品种穗部性状差异分析  

Variation of Ear Traits of Maize Varieties in the Middle and Late Maturity Areas in Shanxi

作　　者：李作一[1] 段宏凯[2] 田森林[1] 郑丽萍[1] 刘海[1] 王艳娟[1] 李爱军[1] Li Zuoyi;Duan Hongkai;Tian Senlin;Zheng Liping;Liu Hai;Wang Yanjuan;Li Aijun(Institute of Sorghum,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinzhong Shanxi 030600;College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu Shanxi 030801)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院高粱研究所,山西晋中030600 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第24期13-17,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目"耐密型早熟玉米自交系创制及粒收新品种选育"(2017201703D221001-11)

摘　　要：为山西中晚熟玉米种植区农户选择合适的种植玉米品种及辨别不同玉米品种提供科学数据支撑。采用7种当地主推品种进行随机区组设计,采用宽行密植栽培技术,收获后考种测量穗部性状及产量。研究发现:(1)‘先玉335’产量相比其他品种仍为最高,‘军玉288’次之。‘太玉811’在产量相关指标方面均低于其他品种;(2)除‘协玉4号’之外,各品种中影响穗粗的基因表达相近,且品种差异对穗行数及穗长影响显著,但有些品种之间差异并不显著,反映出当前市场上有些品种的遗传背景较为相近;(3)‘军玉288’应通过一定的栽培措施降低秃顶长度,且反映出除‘协玉3号’与‘协玉4号’之外其他品种在控制轴粗方面的基因相近,而现在的育种目标追求细轴,因此‘协玉3号’与‘协玉4号’应在轴粗方面进行相关改进。在山西中晚熟玉米种植区选取玉米品种时不同品种的产量差异并不显著,产量相关性状差异也不显著,但在一些外部形状、抗逆性、适应机械化收获等方面差异显著。‘先玉335’的综合性状在这些品种中为最优。有些性状的表现反映出这些品种的遗传背景相近,说明中国玉米遗传资源狭窄,因此今后在玉米育种过程中应在遗传资源的拓展、抗逆性的提高及适应机械化收获等方面进一步进行深入研究探索。To select suitable maize varieties and distinguish them in middle and late maturing maize planting areas in Shanxi Province, seven local main popularized varieties are used for randomized block design. Widerow and close planting techniques are adopted, and ear traits and yield are measured after harvest. The results showed that：（1） the yield of‘Xianyu 335＇was the highest compared with that of others, followed by that of‘Junyu 288＇,‘Taiyu 811＇was inferior to other varieties in yield-related indexes;（2） except‘Xieyu 4＇, theexpression of genes influencing ear diameter was similar in all varieties, and the differences of variety had asignificant effect on the number of ear lines and ear length, some varieties had no significant difference,reflecting that the genetic backgrounds of some varieties in current market were relatively similar;（3） baldlength of‘Junyu 288＇should be reduced by some measures, and except‘Xieyu 3＇and‘Xieyu 4＇, the genesof other varieties in the control of axis were similar, but now the breeding goal was thin axle, so‘Xieyu 3＇and‘Xieyu 4＇should be improved in the related aspects. The yield and yield related characters of differentvarieties were not significantly different, but there were significant differences in some aspects such as external shape, stress resistance and mechanized harvesting adaptability. The comprehensive characters of‘Xianyu335＇were the best among these varieties. The performance of some traits reflected that the genetic backgrounds of these breeds were similar, which indicated that the maize genetic resources in China werenarrow. Therefore, further research should be conducted in the expansion of genetic resources, improvement ofstress resistance and the adaptation to mechanized harvesting.

关 键 词：中晚熟区 玉米品种 穗部性状 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]