“转型正义”为何艰难:以东帝汶为例  

The Dilemma of “Transitional Justice”: The Case of East-Timor

作　　者：朱陆民[1,2] 彭琳 

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学历史系 [2]湖南省美国问题研究中心湘潭大学基地

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2018年第5期108-131,157-158,共24页Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"美国重返东南亚的同盟战略研究"(14FGJ005);湖南省教育厅重点项目"美国重返东南亚的同盟战略及中国应对策略研究"(13A094)

摘　　要："转型正义"是奠定一个国家的转型政权的政治合法性的内在需要,也是其民主政治发展成熟的重要里程碑。伸张正义、促进和解、弥合社会裂痕,是"转型正义"的应有之意。然而,从世界范围来看,"转型正义"的落实往往并非一帆风顺,东帝汶亦如此。从1975年12月至1999年10月,印尼军事占领并统治东帝汶24年,对东帝汶人民犯下了屠杀、强奸等惨无人道的罪行,造成数十万东帝汶人丧生。为替受害的东帝汶人民伸张正义,促进和解,将在东帝汶境内犯有严重侵犯人权罪行的犯罪者绳之以法,联合国、东帝汶、印尼分别在东帝汶和印尼开启了东帝汶的"转型正义"实践,建立了相关机构。然而,这些机构在实际运行过程中受到诸多限制和干预,"转型正义"的成效被"打折"。东帝汶"转型正义"进展缓慢,是其自身特性、东帝汶、印尼以及联合国等多方面综合影响的结果。Transitional Justice is the intrinsic need of the political legitimacy of the transitional regime of a country.And it is also the important milestone of democratic political development.To redress justice,promote the reconciliation,and heal the social rift,are what Transitional Justice aim to.However,from a global perspective,the implementation of transitional justice is often not smooth,and so is East-Timor.Throughout the 24-year fact administration from December 1975 to October 1999,Indonesian military committed mass atrocities,included murder,rape.During this time,it was estimated that hundreds of thousands of people were murdered.In order to promote justice of the victims,facilitate reconciliation,and bring the perpetrators who were responsible for the serious human rights violations to justice,the United Nations,East-Timor and Indonesia initiated the Transitional Justice,and established several relevant institutions in East Timor and Indonesia respectively.The article points out that these institutions have been subject to many restrictions and interventions in the process of operation,and the whole effects are"discounted".And further analysis shows that there are four factors may comprehensively influence the process,included East-Timor's transitional justice,East-Timor,Indonesia,and the United Nations.

关 键 词：东帝汶 印度尼西亚 转型正义 人权侵害 和解 

分 类 号：D734.689[政治法律—政治学]