2015—2017年乌鲁木齐市外环境禽流感病毒监测结果  

Surveillance results of environmental avian influenza virus in Urumqi from 2015-2017

作　　者：樊旭成[1] 韩志国[1] 薛娜[1] 高枫[1] 阻力皮卡尔.吐迪 FAN Xu-cheng;HAN Zhi-guo;XUE Na;GAO Feng;ZULIPICAR·Tudi(Infectious Diseases Department,Urumqi Center For Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi Xinjiang,830026,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,新疆乌鲁木齐830026

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第22期3125-3128,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：乌鲁木齐市科学技术计划重点实验室项目(H171313001)

摘　　要：目的通过分析2015—2017年乌鲁木齐市外环境监测数据,掌握外环境禽流感病毒的组成特性以及感染变化情况,科学的为乌鲁木齐市禽流感防控提供依据。方法从"传染病信息管理监测系统"中导出2015—2017年乌鲁木齐市禽流感外环境监测数据,采用流行病学方法分析外环境中禽流感病毒的性状。结果 2015—2017年乌鲁木齐市外环境禽流感病毒监测累计869份,阳性率为12.4%,以2015年阳性率最高为19.8%,2016年最低为4.5%;各监测点以新市区标本阳性检出率最高为23.9%;各监测标本类型以笼具表面擦拭标本(27%)最高;不同标本类型、监测季度、哨点、场所、病毒分型等标本阳性检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。各亚型中H5型、H9型、H5+H9混合型近些年均出现。2015—2017年乌鲁木齐市均有禽类暴露史的人感染禽流感病例,共报告11例。结论高污染场所以及高危险暴露环节的禽类外环境无形中增加了暴露人群禽流感的感染风险,因此大力加强外环境禽流感监测力度,及时掌控乌鲁木齐市禽流感病毒污染情况,能大幅度提高发生人感染禽流感疫情的预警水平,同时对人感染禽流感的风险评估和防控具有重要意义。[ Objective ] By analyzing the monitoring data of the external environment of Urnmqi from 2015-2017, to obtain the composition characteristics and infection changes of the avian influenza virus in the external environment, provide evidence for the prevention and control of avian influenza in Urumqi. [Methods] The monitoring data of avian influenza in Urumqi from 2015- 2017 were derived from the Infectious Disease Information Management and Monitoring System. The characteristics of avian influenza viruses in the external environment were analyzed by the epidemiological method. [Results] From 2015-2017, totally 869 samples were monitored for environmental avian influenza virus in Urumqi, the positive rate was 12.4%, and the positive rate in 2015 was the highest（19.8%） while that in 2016 was the lowest（4.5%）. Among the monitoring points, the positive rate in new urban area was the highest （23.9%）. For the different type of specimens, the positive rate of the cage surface swabs was the highest （27%）. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate among specimens in different type, monitoring season, sentinel site, place and virus typing（all P〈0.05）. The subtype of HS, H9 and HS＋H9 all appeared in the recent years. A total of 11 cases of avian influenza were reported Urumqi from 2015-2017, and the all patients had the history of avian exposure. [Conclusion] The highly polluted sites and high-risk external environment of avian exposure increase the risk of avian influenza infection in exposed populations. Therefore, to strengthen the surveillance of avian influenza in the external environment to obtain the pollution status of avian influenza virus in time can improve the early warning level of human infection with avian influenza, and has great significance for risk assessment and prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza.

关 键 词：禽流感病毒 外环境 监测结果 

分 类 号：R373.13[医药卫生—病原生物学]