秦皇岛市金属加工企业噪声危害及作业人员健康状况  

Noise hazards and health status of exposed workers in metal processing enterprises in Qinhuangdao City

作　　者：张海燕[1] 华如月 高楠[1] 安秋慧 赵明姝[1] 张海滨[1] 呼颖泽 ZHANG Hai-yan;HUA Ru-yue;GAO Nan;AN Qiu-hui;ZHAO Ming-shu;ZHANG Hai-bin;HU Ying-ze(Occupational Health Department of Qinhuangdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qinhuangdao Hebei,066000,China)

机构地区：[1]秦皇岛市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生科,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第22期3155-3157,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：秦皇岛市科技局科技计划项目(201602A138)

摘　　要：目的探讨秦皇岛市金属加工企业中的噪声危害及作业人员健康状况,总结解决方案,保护劳动者的身体健康。方法对秦皇岛市5家金属加工企业进行职业卫生学调查,并对一线作业人员进行职业健康检查。结果噪声作业人员的双耳高频听力损失检出率为27.46%,高血压检出率为26.73%,心电图异常检出率为20.83%,各异常项目检出率在不同年龄、工龄、噪声状态及防护措施间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),不同噪声状态下,非稳态噪声对作业人员听力影响较明显(P<0.01),且听力损伤程度随累积噪声暴露量的增加而增高。结论秦皇岛市金属加工生产企业,噪声危害严重,影响作业人员的健康。应从稳定噪声状态、强化噪声防护、降低噪声暴露强度及接触时间方面着手减少噪声危害,保护作业人员健康。[Objective] To investigate the noise hazards and the health status of the exposed workers in metal processing enterprises in Qinhuangdao City, summarize the solutions and protect the health of the workers.[nethods] Occupational health survey was carried out on five metal processing enterprises in City, and the occupational health examination was carried out among front-line workers. [Results] The detection rate of binaural high frequency hearing loss among noise-exposed workers was 27.46%, the detection rate of hypertension was 26.73%, and the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram was 20.83%. The differences in the detection rate of abnormal items were statistically significant among different groups in age, working age, noise state and protective measures （all P〈0.05）. The unsteady noise had more influence on hearing than other noise states （P〈0.01）, and the degree of hearing impairment increased with the increase of cumulative noise exposure. [Conclusion] Noise hazard is serious in metal processing enterprises in Qinhuangdao City, which affects the health of workers. It is necessary to reduce noise hazards and protect the heaith of workers by stabilizing noise state, strengthening noise protection, and reducing noise exposure intensity and time.

关 键 词：金属加工 噪声危害 健康状况 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]