单体附加系甜菜及空中搭载实验材料相关性状的研究  

Studies on Correlated Characters of Monosomic Addition Lines of Sugar Beet and Aerial Experiment Material

作　　者：刘丽萍[1] 刘巧红 闫赓 郭德栋[1] Liu Liping;Liu Qiaohong;Yan Geng;Guo Dedong(College of Life Science,Heilongfiang University,Harbin 150080;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150080)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院,哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第30期37-41,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：功能无机材料化学教育部重点实验室开放课题项目"甜菜染色体操纵遗传学研究"(201606);国家自然科学基金项目"甜菜新型雄性不育细胞质(K-5)线粒体基因结构及不育机制研究"(31371685)

摘　　要：为了探明远缘杂交甜菜单体附加系M14高频传递的遗传学机理,通过胚珠分离切割、花粉败育调查和含糖量单株检测等方法,对单体附加系甜菜及空中搭载实验材料的性状进行了分析研究。研究结果验证了单体附加系甜菜M14高频传递的遗传特性存在兼性无融合生殖现象。无融合生殖体的比例达96.5%,花粉败育程度高达90%以上,大孢子母细胞通过有丝分裂形成胚囊不需要精卵结合繁育后代;有性生殖体的比例占3.5%,有性生殖体存在致死基因的可能性。单体附加系甜菜及空中搭载的实验样品含糖量均高于普通栽培甜菜。野生白花甜菜染色体携带的高糖、抗病、无融合生殖等基因决定了远缘杂交甜菜和空中搭载实验材料具有专属的遗传学性状。To understand the genetics mechanism of high frequent transfer of monosomic addition line M14 ofdistant hybrid beet, characters of monosomic addition lines and aerial experiment materials of beet wereanalyzed by means of ovule separation, pollen abortion investigation and sugar content of single plant detectionmethod. The results showed that the facultative apomixis phenomenon existed in monosomic addition line M14.The ratio of apomixis was 96.5%, and pollen abortion was above 90%. Blastocyst was formed throughmegasporocyte mitosis and sperm-egg binding was not needed for breed offspring. The ratio of zoogamy was3.5% and sexual reproduction plants might have lethal genes. The results also showed that sugar contents ofmonosomic addition lines and aerial experiment materials were higher than that of normal-cultivated beets.The exclusive genetics characters of distant hybridization and aerial experiment materials of sugar beet weredetermined by the beta corolliflora chromosome carried with high sugar content, disease resistance as well asapomixis genes. These results will be useful for exploiting beta corolliflora beneficial genes on chromosomeengineering.

关 键 词：染色体工程 远缘杂交 遗传学性状 单体附加系 甜菜 

分 类 号：Q32[生物学—遗传学]