枸杞树不同器官氮磷钾吸收规律及其合理施肥初探  

Primary Exploration of N, P and K Uptake in Wolfberry Tree Organs and the Rational Application Rates

作　　者：李云翔[1] 赵营[2] 尹志荣[2] 刘晓彤[2] 罗健航[2] 张学军[2] Li Yunxiang;Zhao Ying;Yin Zhirong;Liu Xiaotong;Luo Jianhang;Zhang Xuejun(Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院,银川750002 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,银川750002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第28期61-66,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院科技创新引导项目"枸杞树不同器官氮磷钾养分吸收规律与干物质分配研究"(NKYJ-17-22);宁夏农林科学院先导资金项目"枸杞品种耐旱节水响应机理与评价"(NKYQ-1501);全产业链创新示范课题"枸杞水肥一体化技术研发与示范"(QCYL-2018-05-03)

摘　　要：为探明枸杞不同器官氮磷钾养分吸收规律,并提出合理的化肥用量,以7年生成龄和4年生幼龄‘宁杞1号’枸杞树为研究对象,利用田间试验研究枸杞年生育期内果实、枝条、叶片中氮磷钾养分含量变化动态,探讨枸杞干鲜果产量及氮磷钾累积动态,提出氮磷钾肥的推荐量。结果表明,枸杞果实、枝条和叶片中养分含量都为N>K>P。枝条中全氮、全钾含量呈双峰"M"型变化,叶片中全氮含量动态呈倒"V"型。各器官中氮、钾含量变异较大,而磷含量变幅较小。枸杞夏果、秋果期干鲜果产量及干果氮磷钾累积动态都呈抛物线型变化,7月和10月中旬为果实养分累积高峰期。枸杞干果产量与氮、磷、钾施肥量都服从二次曲线关系,幼龄枸杞树化肥推荐量分别为N 431~510 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 239~282 kg/hm^2、K_2O 362~379 kg/hm^2。氮和钾是枸杞树各器官重要的营养元素,应在养分需求高峰期施肥补充树体的养分供应。The paper aims to clarify the characteristics of N, P and K uptake in different organs of wolfberry tree, and propose the reasonable application rates of chemical fertilizers. The seven-year old tree and fouryear young tree of wolfberry ‘ Ningqi No. 1＇ were taken as the materials, field experiments were conducted to study the dynamics of N, P and K contents in fruits, branches and leaves, and investigate the dynamics of dry/ fresh fruits yield and N, P and K uptake during the annual growth period of wolfberry tree, and provide the recommended application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The results indicated that nutrients contents in fruits, branches, and leaves of wolfberry tree were N〉K〉P. Total N and total K content in the branches had a change of double peak ＂M＂ type, and the total N content in leaves was an inverted ＂V＂ type. Total N and total K content in different organs were in large variation, however, the variation of total P content was small. Dynamics of dry/fresh fruits yield and N, P and K uptake in wolfberry had a parabolic curve change during summer and autumn fruit period; and the peak periods of nutrients accumulation in fruits were in the middle of July and October, respectively. Relationships of yield and N, P205, K20 application rates coincided with the quadratic curve, the recommended application rates of chemical fertilizers were N 431-510 kg/hm2, P2O5 239-282 kg/hm2, and K2O 362-379kg/hm2 in young wolfberry tree. Therefore, N and K are the important nutrient elements in different organs of wolfberry tree during the growth period, application of fertilizers should be carried out in the peak of nutrients demand for nutrient supply.

关 键 词：枸杞树 果实 枝条 叶片 产量 氮磷钾吸收 施肥量 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学] S143[农业科学—园艺学]