不同灌溉方式对枣树根区土壤速效养分赋存及空间异质性的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Methods on Soil Available Nutrient state and its Spatial Heterogeneity in Jujube Root Zone

作　　者：侯晓华[1] 朱耀辉 李发永[1] 夏梓洋 孟宪刚 贾宏坤 HOU Xiao-hua;ZHU Yao-hui;LI Fa-yong;XIA Zi-yang;MENG Xian-gang;JIA Hong-kun(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Tarim University,Aral 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2018年第10期125-135,共11页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51569030;41561068);大学生创新项目(107572017048)

摘　　要：土壤速效养分赋存状况直接影响到枣树的生长和水肥的合理利用,研究了滴灌和地面灌下枣树根区土壤速效养分田间尺度的空间分布和变异特性。对滴灌和地面灌应用年限5年不同深度的枣树根区土壤进行了采样分析。结果表明:枣树根区土壤硝态氮含量随土壤深度的增加呈减少趋势,随水平距离的增加而逐渐升高。生育期初期土壤硝态氮含量较低,新梢期土壤硝态氮逐渐增加,滴灌和地面灌土壤硝态氮变异系数均随着土壤深度和水平距离的增加而减少,减少幅度滴灌大于地面灌;生育期初始阶段两种灌溉方式下土壤碱解氮随深度的增加均呈现减少的趋势,水平方向上碱解氮含量差异不明显,新梢期土壤碱解氮呈现增加的趋势,灌溉方式对土壤碱解氮的空间异质性影响较小;枣树生育初期,滴灌和地面灌枣树根区各层土壤速效钾含量较高,进入新梢期后其含量迅速下降。滴灌和地面灌下土壤速效钾含量的变异系数均随着土壤深度的增加而减小,随着水平距离的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势;土壤有效磷枣树生育期开始阶段含量较高,新梢期迅速降低。滴灌和地面灌在水平方向的变异系数均随着距离的增加而减小,滴灌处理变异性大于地面灌。综上,灌溉方式对土壤硝态氮的空间分布和变异性的影响最大,对碱解氮的影响最小。Available nutrient state in the soil of jujube orchard directly affects crop growth and rational use of water and fertilizer. We had studied the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of soil available nutrients in jujube root area under drip irrigation and flood irrigation. The soil depth of the jujube orchard under 5 years of drip irrigation and flooding was analyzed by sampling and analysis. The results showed that NO3-N in the soil near the root zone decreased gradually with soil depth,and it gradually increased with distance from the root zone in the horizontal direction. Soil NO3-N was lower at the beginning of growth period,and it increased gradually at the shoot growth stage.The coefficient of variation of NO3-N in drip irrigation and flood irrigation soil decreased with the increase of soil depth and horizontal distance,but drip irrigation decreased more than flood irrigation. During the initial stage of growth period,available N in soil decreased with the increase of soil depth,but the difference of available N in the horizontal direction was not significant,and the available N at the shoot growth stage increased sharply. Irrigation methods had little effect on the heterogeneity of available nitrogen. During the early stage of jujube growth,available potassium in the zone of the jujube root was higher than other soil layers. However,available potassium decreased rapidly at the shoot growth stage. The coefficient of variation of soil available potassium under drip irrigation and flooding conditions decreased with soil depth,but firstly decreased and then increased with horizontal distance. Soil available phosphorus was higher at the beginning of growth period and decreased rapidly at the shoot growth stage. The variation coefficient of drip and flooding irrigation treatments in horizontal direction decreased with the increase of distance,and the variation of drip irrigation was greater than that of flood irrigation. irrigation method had the greatest effect on the spatial distribution and var

关 键 词：滴灌 地面灌 硝态氮 碱解氮 速效钾 有效磷 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]