完全充填开采下地表变形特征分析及现状评价  

Analysis and evaluation of surface deformation characteristics under the condition of completely backfill mining

作　　者：江飞飞 周辉[1,2] 盛佳 帅金山 孙德胜 胡勇 李向东 JIANG Feifei;ZHOU Hui;SHENG Jia;SHUAI Jinshan;SUN Desheng;HU Yong;LI Xiangdong(State Key Laboratory of Geomechanies and Geoteehnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National Engineering Research Center for Metal,Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410012,China;School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan,Hunan 411201,China;Hubei Sanxin Gold Copper Co.,Ltd.,Daye,Hubei 435100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410012 [4]湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [5]湖北三鑫金铜股份有限公司,湖北大冶435100

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2018年第10期2344-2358,共15页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2014CB046902);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51427803;51709257)~~

摘　　要：地下金属矿山充填开采往往被认为是控制覆岩移动和保护地表的有效方法之一。为了对桃花嘴金矿10线以西-270^-570 m多中段8 a来完全胶结充填开采下上覆地表变形特征及现状做出合理的分析评价,建立采场安全现状AHP-Fuzzy评价模型和"采场→覆岩及地表"安全分析模式,按照8 a的历史回采顺序模拟分析区域采–充全过程,并将理论分析结果与矿山近2 a的地表沉降观测数据进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)完全胶结充填开采的25个采场中有22个安全现状属II级较好,11个评价因子中矿体赋存条件、采矿方法以及距离主副井位置对采场及区域安全现状影响相对最为显著;(2)充填开采岩移区域可分为"相对明显扰动区域"和"微扰动区域",覆岩中相对明显扰动区域会形成一定高度的"自然岩移拱",其三维空间形态为近似椭球体,当充填开采达到一定深度时该椭球体对上覆地表影响是微弱的,而微扰动区域则会形成"微沉降盆地",开采区域上覆地表由2014年前的未扰动状态逐渐转变为0.5~1 mm微扰动状态,充填开采时间效应对地表安全影响微小;(3)上覆地表布置的3个闭合环线中的各观测点沉降量整体分别沿着0,-3,-6 mm水平线上下稳定波动,观测过程中沉降量均未超过允许变形值。理论分析与实际观测结果基本一致,地表安全现状总体良好。分析成果对矿山安全生产具有指导意义,同时可为类似充填矿山岩移分析提供借鉴。Backfill mining is often considered as one of the effective methods to control the movement of overlying strata and to protect the ground surface in underground metal mining. In order to analyse and evaluate deformation characteristics and current situation of overlying surface after 8 years of multi-level completely backfill mining in the west of exploration line 10 of Taohuazui gold mine,an AHP-Fuzzy evaluation model of stope safety was established and the safety analysis mode of＂stopes to overlying strata and surface＂was put forward. The whole backfill mining process according to the historical sequence of past 8 years was simulated,and the numerical results were compared with the monitored data of surface subsidence in the past 2 years. The results show that 22 of the totally 25 backfill stopes are in good safety condition and belong to level II. The existing condition of orebody,the mining method and the distance from the shafts of 11 evaluated factors are the most significant in influencing the stopes and current regional safety. The strata can be divided into＂relative significantly disturbed area＂and＂micro disturbed area＂. The relative significantly disturbed area tends to form a certain height of＂Natural rock movement arch＂with the morphology of approximately a 3 D ellipsoid. The effects of ellipsoid on overlying surface are weak when the backfill mining reaches a certain depth. The micro disturbed area tends to form a＂Micro subsidence basin＂. The surface of mining area gradually changed from undisturbed status to 0.5–1 mm micro-disturbed status in 2014. The time effect of backfill on surface safety is weak. All the observation points of three closed loops arranged on the surface are in stable fluctuation,which fluctuate along the horizontal lines of 0,-3 and-6 mm respectively. The surface settlement did not exceed the allowed deformation value during the observation period. The calculated results agreed largely with the monitored data. The overall safety of surface is good.

关 键 词：采矿工程 地下金属矿山 完全充填开采 地表沉降观测 地表变形特征 现状评价 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]