不同灌溉模式对寒地水稻田碳排放、耗水量及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigations on Carbon Emission,Water Consumption and Yield of Paddy Field in Cold Regions

作　　者：张忠明 王忠波 张忠学 王欣亮 ZHANG Zhongming;WANG Zhongbo;ZHANG Zhongxue;WANG Xinhang(School of Water Conservancy ＆ Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2018年第11期1-7,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400108)

摘　　要：【目的】优选适宜当地水稻种植的节水灌溉模式。【方法】采用田间小区试验,设置5种水稻灌溉模式:控制灌溉(C)、"薄、浅、湿、晒"灌溉(T)、叶龄模式灌溉(B)、"浅、湿"灌溉(I)、干湿交替灌溉(D),以当地常规灌溉(CK)作为对照,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法观测不同处理水稻全生育期内稻田CH4及CO2排放通量变化,并测定了水稻全生育期耗水量及产量。【结果】在节水、减排效果方面,C处理最明显,较CK平均节水1 794.3～2 012.3 m3/hm^2,增温潜势为10 654.13 kg/hm^2,但产量相对较低,为8 822.59 kg/hm^2;在增产方面I处理效果最明显,为9 611.27 kg/hm^2,但减排效果不理想,增温潜势为12 128 kg/hm^2。综合来看干湿交替灌溉(D)在减排、节水及增产方面较其余处理相比较为均衡,其增温潜势为10 700.29 kg/hm^2,较CK平均节水1 449.2～1 618.5 m3/hm^2,产量为9 078.99 kg/hm^2。【结论】干湿交替灌溉(D)在减排、节水及增产方面较为均衡,为试验条件下的最优处理。[Objective] Soil water modulates all soil biochemical processes and plant growth. The objective of this paper is to investigate how different irrigations affect carbon emission, water consumption and the ultimate yield of paddy field in cold regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted considering five irrigation methods： controlled irrigation （C）, thin-shallow-wet-sunny irrigation （T）, leaf-age mode irrigation （B）, shallow- wet irrigation （I）, alternate wet and dry irrigation （D）, and the conventional irrigation used by local farmers （CK）. During the growth season of the rice under each irrigation, the emissive fluxes of CH4 and CO2 from the paddy field were measured using the static trap-gas chromatography, in addition to water consumption and ulti- mate yield of the rice. [Result] In terms of saving water and reducing greenhouse emissions, The Treatment C appeared to be most efficient, saving water by 1 794.3-2 012.3 m^3/hm^2 and increasing temperature potential by 10 654.13 kg/hm^2. But its associated yield was low, 8 822.59 kg/hm^2 only. In contrast, the Treatment I achieved a yield of 9 611.27 kg/hm^2, but at prices of increasing the temperature potential to 12 128 kg/hm^2. Taking all aspects into consideration, the alternate dry and wet irrigation appeared to be most efficient for reducing emission and saving water, without scarifying yield （9 077.99 kg/hm^2）; it also gave a temperature potential of 10 700.29 kg/hm^2, which was 1 449.2-1 618.5 m^3/hm^2 lower than that in CK. [Conclusion] Our experimental results showed that in all irrigation methods we examined, alternate dry-wet irrigation is most suitable for reducing greenhouse gas emission and saving water while in the meantime maintaining a good yield.

关 键 词：水稻 节水灌溉 产量 甲烷 二氧化碳 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]