基于水土流失评价的高寒草甸经营模式比较  

Management Regime in Alpine Meadow Based on the Assessment of Soil and Water Erosion

作　　者：马素洁 贾生海[1] 花立民[1] MA Su-jie;JIA Sheng-hai;HUA Li-min(Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Animal Science,Tibet Agriculture ＆ Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860100,Tibet,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学,甘肃兰州730070 [2]西藏农牧学院动物科学学院,西藏林芝860100

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2018年第6期1280-1289,共10页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0504803,2016YFC0501902);甘肃省高校协同创新科技团队支持计划项目

摘　　要：选择甘肃省单户草地经营为主的天祝县和联户经营为主的合作市为研究区,采用RS和GIS技术并根据RULSE土壤流失模型,计算两地10 a间（2004—2014年）的草地土壤侵蚀模数,研究两地降雨、农牧业人口、家畜数量和畜牧业产值与水土流失的相关性,并用排除法分析造成两县草地土壤侵蚀模数差异的原因。结果显示：（1）天祝县和合作市土壤侵蚀现状以微度侵蚀为主;（2）天祝县年均土壤侵蚀模数比合作市高7. 21 t·a^-1·km^-2,10余年土壤侵蚀增加速率为合作市的4倍,各草地类型平均土壤侵蚀模数比合作市增长更快;（3）天祝县年降雨量与草地平均土壤侵蚀模数成显著正相关（R=0. 737,P 〈0. 05）,合作市农牧业人口与草地平均土壤侵蚀模数成显著负相关（R=-0. 829,P 〈0. 05）;（4）两县草地平均侵蚀模数差值与年降雨量差值不存在相关性（P〉 0. 05）,合作市家畜超载率高于天祝县。认为草地经营模式是造成草地退化、水土流失的主要原因,且草地联户经营模式在防止水土流失方面优于单户经营模式。In this study,the RUSLE model and the RS and GIS means were used to estimate the soil erosion in 10 years from 2004 to 2014 in Tianzhu County and Hezuo City in Gansu Province,where the household contract system and allied household contract system were separately implemented. The purposes of this study were to compare the grassland management regime in alpine meadow,improve the rangeland management system,and analyze the correlations between the soil erosion and the annual precipitation,farmer population,livestock number and animal husbandry production value. The reasons causing the difference of soil erosion modulus of grassland in two counties were analyzed by exclusion method. The result showed that：（1） Slight soil erosion occurred in both Tianzhu County and Hezuo City.（2） The average annual modulus of soil erosion in Tianzhu was 7. 21（ t·a·km^-2） and higher than that in Hezuo City. The increase rate of soil erosion in Tianzhu County was 4 times of that in Hezuo City. The increase of soil erosion modulus of all grassland types in Tianzhu County was higher than that in Hezuo City.（3）There was a significant positive correlation between annual precipitation and soil erosion（ R = 0. 737,P〈0. 05） in Tianzhu County. In Hezuo,there was a significant negative correlation between farmer population and average rangeland erosion modulus（ R =-0. 829,P〈0. 05）.（4） There was no correlation between the difference of grassland erosion modulus and the annual precipitation difference in both Tianzhu County and Hezuo City（ P〈0. 05）. The livestock overload rate in Hezuo City was higher than that in Tianzhu County. This study suggests that grassland management model is the main reason causing grassland degeneration and soil erosion,and the allied household management regime is superior to the individual household management regime in controlling soil and water erosion.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 草地经营模式 水土流失 高寒草甸 甘肃 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] S812[农业科学—农业基础科学]