一氧化氮对干旱胁迫下苹果砧木楸子耐旱性的影响  

Effects of nitric oxide on drought tolerance in apple rootstocks Malus prunifolia

作　　者：王延秀[1] 朱燕芳[1] 陈佰鸿[1] 贾旭梅 郭爱霞[1] 赵通 程丽 胡亚[1] WANG Yanxiu;ZHU Yanfang;CHEN Baihong;JIA Xumei;GUO Aixia;ZHAO Tong;CHENG Li;HU Ya(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第11期1344-1352,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(145RJZA167);甘肃省教育厅基本科研业务项目(035-041051);甘肃省农牧厅生物技术专项项目(035-034070)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨干旱胁迫下楸子对外源一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)处理的生理响应特性与作用机制,综合评价后筛选缓解干旱胁迫的最佳NO处理浓度。【方法】以10叶龄的楸子[Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh.]实生苗为试材,采用盆栽控水的方法,在中度水分胁迫(即含水量为土壤最大持水量45%～55%)下,喷施不同浓度外源NO(180μmol·L^(-1)、190μmol·L^(-1)、200μmol·L^(-1)、210μmol·L^(-1)),测定净光合速率(Pn)等光合参数、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶活性及以脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率(REC)等指标。【结果】相比于对照,外源NO处理缓解了水分胁迫下楸子叶片中MDA含量、Pro、REC、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)以及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的上升幅度,同时也减缓了Pn、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与CAT酶活性的下降幅度,且具有明显的浓度效应。【结论】主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,特征根大于1的2个主成分的方差贡献率达92.932%,190μmol·L^(-1)硝普钠(SNP)处理得分最高,效果最佳。适宜浓度SNP处理能够激活水分胁迫下楸子幼苗的抗氧化酶系统,并可以保护细胞膜系统,及增强细胞光合性能,从而提高其耐旱性。【Objective】Apple is one of the most important fruit crops in the world, and is also the most widely cultivated fruit tree in China. The Northwest Loess Plateau is one of the dominant apple producing areas for its super climate for apple production. However, drought seriously affects the growth and development of apple in this area, and is the important factor restricting the development of apple industry. Improving the drought resistance of apple with rootstock is imperative in this area. The grafting compatibility of most apple varieties with Malus prunifolia is very high, and this rootstock has high resistances to drought, waterlogging, and salt. Nitric oxide（NO） is an important bioactive molecule in plants, and is involved in regulating many plant growing and development processes, including promoting seed germination and lateral root formation, inhibiting the senescence and senescence of plant tissues, and participating in plant disease resistance and stress response. The study aimed to explore physiological effects of exogenous NO at different concentrations on apple rootstock Malus prunifolia under water stress, and select a proper concentration for treatment, in order to elucidate the mechanism of its effect in alleviating drought damage on the plant and improving yield and quality.【Methods】Ten-leafaged seedlings of Malus Prunifolia（Willd.） grown in pots were used as the experiment material and were subjected to water control treatment. Under a moderate water stress（water content was 45%-55%of the soil field capacity）, different concentrations（180 μmol· L（-1） C1, 190 μmol· L（-1） C2, 200 μmol· L（-1） C3 and 210 μmol· L（-1） C4） of exogenous NO（sodium nitroprusside, SNP） was sprayed. Spraying was carried out when replenishing water based on soil weight every two days. Solutions were sprayed on leaves till drip-off, and spraying water at the same amount was used as the control（CK）. The photosynthetic parameters [such as net photosynthetic rate（Pn）, sto

关 键 词：楸子 水分胁迫 一氧化氮 光合 耐旱性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S661.4[农业科学—果树学]