温室甜樱桃花芽形态分化观察  

Observation on the morphological differentiation of flower buds of sweet cherries in a greenhouse

作　　者：程和禾[1] 陈龙[1] 李玉生[1] 吴雅琴[1] 吴永杰[1] 艾治国 李友刚[1] 赵艳华[1] CHENG Hehe;CHEN Long;LI Yusheng;WU Yaqin;WU Yongjie;AI Zhiguo;LI Yougang;ZHAO Yanhua(Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Changli 066600,Hebei,China;Laoting Forestry Bureau of Hebei,Laoting 063600,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,河北昌黎066600 [2]乐亭县林业局,河北乐亭063600

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第11期1393-1398,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河北省财政专项(F17R06005);河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费(A2015020301)

摘　　要：【目的】观察温室条件下甜樱桃花芽形态分化时间和各时期的特征,为栽培者进行适时管控、提高花芽分化质量提供理论依据。【方法】从温室甜樱桃硬核期开始,定期取‘美早’‘红灯’‘早大果’3个品种的花芽,利用石蜡切片法观察花芽形态分化状态。【结果】昌黎温室中‘美早’花芽在3月中旬开始形态分化,至6月中旬雌蕊原基分化完成,分化时间持续85 d左右。‘红灯’和‘早大果’形态分化于3月下旬开始,6月下旬完成,持续90 d左右。乐亭‘美早’花芽形态分化比昌黎早15 d开始,花芽分化持续时间100 d左右,分化速度慢于昌黎。‘美早’花芽分化开始于硬核期,‘红灯’和‘早大果’花芽分化开始于成熟期前后。【结论】花芽分化开始时间不能根据品种成熟期来判断,应通过观察分化状态来确定。每个品种花芽形态分化开始时间与其成熟期的关系相对稳定。【Objective】The initiation time of flower bud differentiation and the speed of differentiation of sweet cherries were greatly influenced by variety characteristics, climatic factors and growing measures. The temperature and humidity conditions in a greenhouse were obviously different from those in natural environment, where the phenology of sweet cherries was advanced, and the flower bud differentiation was greatly affected. In this paper, the flower bud of sweet cherries in a greenhouse was observed, to confirm the exact time and characteristics of the morphological differentiation. It will provide a theoretical basis for improving the quantity and quality of flower buds.【Methods】The flower buds of‘Tieton＇‘Hongdeng＇and‘Крупноплодная＇cultivars were collected at regular intervals in Changli and Laoting from March to August, 2015. Twenty-thirty flower buds were collected from the bouquet spurs, then the outer scales of flower buds were stripped off before they were fixed in the FAA solution quickly. After gradient dehydration and transparence, the flower buds were buried in paraffin. The flower buds were sliced at a thickness of 10μm, dyed with Safranin O and fast green FCF, and then sealed with neutral gum. The morphological differentiation of flower buds at each sampling time was observed by paraffin section. The phenology of sweet cherries and the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse were recorded, and the MH-WH01 recorder was suspended 1.5 meters high between the tree rows.【Results】The differentiation speed with two varieties was different, but the morphological characteristics were the same in each period. The morphological differentiation of flower buds was dividedinto 6 stages, including initial differentiation stage, floral primordium stage, sepal primordium stage,petal primordium stage, stamen primordium stage and the pistil primordium stage. At undifferentiating stage, the growing point of flower bud was thin, pointed, and covered with scales. At initial differen

关 键 词：甜樱桃 温室 花芽 形态分化 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]