不同元素肥处理对核桃露仁的影响  

Effect of different elements on the occurrence of exposed kernel of walnut in Xinjiang

作　　者：宁万军[1] 张强[1] 黄闽敏[1] 王国安[1] 刘旭丽[2] NING Wanjun;ZHANG Qiang;HUANG Minmin;WANG Guo＇an;LIU Xuli(Economic Forest Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Construction Vocational and Technical College,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆建设职业技术学院,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第11期1399-1405,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(KY2017038)

摘　　要：【目的】探究喷施元素肥对核桃的作用,为降低核桃露仁率、提高核桃品质提供科学依据。【方法】对新疆主栽核桃品种‘温185’和‘新新2’分别喷施N、P、K、Zn、Ca、Mg元素肥,测定单果的不同指标,研究元素肥对核桃品质的影响。【结果】喷施K、Ca、Mg元素肥,核桃单果质量可显著提高6.50%～14.36%;喷施K元素肥,仁质量可显著提高8.09%～8.71%;喷施K、Zn、Ca、Mg肥,均能显著提高核桃果壳的厚度,并显著降低果实露仁率,露仁率从23.00%～28.00%(对照)降低到0～7.00%。树冠上层内核桃果壳厚度明显大于下层内果壳厚度,树冠内膛核桃果壳最薄,露仁也最严重。【结论】核桃露仁情况严重,是品种特性、肥效、光照条件的共同作用,生产中除加强修剪管理外,还应在硬壳期喷施K、Ca、Mg元素肥,进而降低露仁率。【Objective】The phenomenon of exposed kernel is very common with two main walnut cultivars‘Wen185＇and‘Xinxin2＇in Xinjiang, which affects both the appearance quality and the market price greatly. In order to reduce kernel exposure rate and improve appearance quality, the different mineral elements were applied to two walnut varieties respectively.【Methods】In the shell-hardening period, the elements N, P, K, Zn, Ca and Mg elements were applied to two walnut varieties, respectively,and after the fruit matured and the nuts naturally dried, the nut indexes were measured separately, which included the numbers of exposed kernel, the average nut weight, the kernel weight, the shell thickness,the kernel percentage and so on, to study the effect of different elements on nut quality.【Results】There was a significant effect of different elements on the quality with two walnut varieties. Among them, K,Ca and Mg could improve the average nut weight of‘Wen185＇significantly, with the single nut weight reaching 13.76-14.43 g, increasing by 6.50%-11.69%. There was no significant difference in average nut weight between N and Zn treatments, but P element could reduce the average nut weight with‘Wen185＇. The kernel weight of‘Wen185＇could significantly increase by 8.09%, compared to that of Control with the treatment of K element. However, the difference was not significant between N, P, Zn,Ca and Mg elements as well as control. Spraying with K, Ca and Mg elements all could improve theshell thickness with‘Wen185＇and reduce the exposed kernel rate significantly, with the exposed kernel rates decreasing from 28.00%（control） to 0.05%. Spraying with N, P, K, Zn, Ca and Mg elements could improve the average nut weight of‘Xinxin2＇significantly, and the single nut weight with the treatment of Mg element was higher than that with the treatments with N, P and Ca significantly, but the difference was not significant between Mg as well as K and Zn. Spraying with N, P, K and Zn elements could improve the

关 键 词：核桃 元素肥 单果质量 露仁 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]