基于γ能谱的某铀尾矿库和水冶厂周边水体放射性分布特征及风险评估  

Radioactivity Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Water Surrounding Uranium Tailing and Mill Based on Gamma Spectrum

作　　者：罗旭佳 魏强林[1,2] 刘义保 杨波[2] 吴和喜 洪加标 LUO Xu-jia;WEI Qiang-lin;LIU Yi-bao;YANG Bo;WU He-xi;HONG Jia-biao(Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;School of Nuclear Science and Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室,南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学核科学与工程学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2018年第11期66-70,共5页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11505027);放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室开放基金(RGET1406)

摘　　要：通过高纯锗γ谱仪精确测量了我国某铀尾矿库和水冶厂排放水及周边地表水中天然放射性核素238 U、226 Ra、232 Th和40 K的放射性浓度,得出其分布特征及其对周边环境的影响和给附近居民健康带来的风险。结果表明,尾矿库渗滤水和水冶厂排放水中238 U、226 Ra、232 Th和40 K含量相比其内部存储液有明显降低,尾矿库渗滤水中总铀含量为0.23 mg/L,226 Ra比活度为0.68 Bq/L,均低于国标GB23727—2009规定限值;水冶厂排放水中总铀含量为1.37mg/L,226 Ra比活度为1.37Bq/L,均高于国标规定限值。若将尾矿库中下游居民区水渠中水和水冶厂入溪后水作为饮用水,则238 U、226 Ra和232 Th对人体所致总待积有效剂量分别为0.187 5和0.121 4mSv/a,均已超过世界卫生组织饮用水水质准则推荐值。对比本地本底值发现,研究区域地表水已被污染。Based on High-Purity Germanium Gamma Spectrometer,radioactive concentrations of natural radionuclides ^238 U,^226 Ra,^232 Th and 40 K in discharged water and surrounding surface water of uranium tailing and mill were accurately measured to investigate pollution to external environment and risk to health of nearby residents.The results show that contents of ^238 U,^226 Ra,^232 Th and 40 K in percolating water of tailing and discharged water of mill are significantly lower than those in internal water,the total uranium content in percolating water of tailing is 0.23 mg/L and the specific activity of ^226 Ra is 0.68 Bq/L,both of which are lower than the national standard（GB23727-2009）.The total uranium content of water discharged from the mill is 1.37 mg/L,and the specific activity of ^226 Ra is 1.37 Bq/L,both of which are higher than the national standard.If the water in middle and lower reaches of the tailing canals and the water from the mill which entered the river in residential area are used as drinking water,the total committed effective dose of ^238 U,^226 Ra and ^232 Th to human is 0.187 5 and 0.121 4 mSv/a respectively,both of them exceed WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality.Comparing with contents of 238 U,226 Ra and 232 Th in water with the local background value,the surface water in the study area is polluted.

关 键 词：铀尾矿库 水冶厂 伽马能谱 总待积有效剂量 健康评价 

分 类 号：TL942.1[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护] TL751