鲁迅精神的政治维度以及贯穿其中的一种具有重要政治学意义的正直  

The Political Dimension of Lu Xun's Spirit and the Integrity Penetrated it With Political Significance

作　　者：张松[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院哲学研究所,山东济南250002

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2018年第11期124-138,共15页DongYue Tribune

摘　　要：在鲁迅的思想中,贯穿着一个涉及到许多重大政治学问题的思想主题。但是,这一重要的政治维度至今还几乎没有在政治学的意义上得到有效的梳理。长期以来,鲁迅思想的研究者们似乎更喜欢依据鲁迅的某些带有政治色彩的社会活动或其他属于思想之外部因素的东西来解读他的思想,以至于将他那具有深层哲学意义和政治学意义的思想文本,变成了与现实的政治斗争或党派斗争直接相关的政治文本,从而使得他的思想中的这一政治维度根本无法真实地呈现出来。另一方面,在鲁迅的精神根基中包含着一个深层的哲学结构,它使得鲁迅的全部思想活动呈现出一种出于存在担当而非出于道德考虑、且具有重大政治学后果的正直;他对启蒙的真实态度、他的思想与自由主义政治哲学之间的潜在的对话、他对现代性的许多内在问题的批判性态度,甚至是他对参与现实政治斗争之限度的把握等等,都与这种正直有关。而与这种特有的正直相对照,他在当时的许多思想对手,甚至包括现如今在思想和人品方面被拔得很高的胡适,都以各自的方式暴露某种被罗斯·W·格兰特不无讽刺地称之为"正直的伪善"的东西。至于今天那些意图评判鲁迅之政治倾向的所谓精英们,由于他们本身在其对鲁迅的评判中参杂了太多无法拿到桌面上来的实际政治诉求而显得更加的虚伪和不诚实。There is an ideological theme involving many important political issues in Lu Xun's thought. However,this important political dimension has barely been effectively studied in terms of politics till now. On the other hand,there is a deep philosophical framework in the basis of Lu Xun's spirit,which makes all of Lu Xun's thinking demonstrate a kind of integrity with far-reaching political consequences. His real attitude to enlightenment,the underlying dialogue between his thought and the political philosophy of liberalism,his criticism on the inner conflicts of modernity,and his understanding of the limit of joining political struggle,etc.,relate to this kind of integrity. In contrast with Lu Xun's integrity,many of his rivals of that time,including Hu Shi,all show"righteous hypocrisy"in various ways. Because of mixing too many practically unjustifiable political claims with their comments on Lu Xun,the so-called elites nowadays who want to criticize Lu Xun's political tendency,seem to be much more hypocritical and dishonest.

关 键 词：鲁迅 政治 道德 正直 现代性 

分 类 号：I210.96[文学—中国文学]