农村社区10～15岁留守儿童心理健康状况及保护性因素  

Research on situation and protective factors of mental health among 10–15 years old left-behind children in rural communities

作　　者：满小欧[1] 曹海军 MAN Xiao-ou;CAO Hai-jun(School of Humanities and Law,Northeastern University,Shenyang,Liaoning Province 110169,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学文法学院社会保障研究所,辽宁沈阳110169

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2018年第11期1537-1540,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17csH019);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N171401005)

摘　　要：目的了解农村社区10~15岁留守儿童心理健康状况及其保护性因素,为促进留守儿童心理健康提供参考依据。方法收集"中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)"2014年全国数据,从中抽取924名10~15岁农村社区留守儿童,分析其心理健康状况及其个体、家庭和社区3个层面的保护性因素。结果农村社区10~15岁留守儿童心理疾患得分为(9.15±3.53)分,心理健康总体水平处于合理范围;924名10~15岁农村社区留守儿童中,心理疾患低风险和高风险分别检出784和140人,检出率分别为84.85%和15.15%。阶层回归分析结果显示,个体层面、家庭层面和社区层面的保护因素对降低留守儿童心理疾患风险均有显著作用(均P <0.001),其中个体层面的模型解释力最强(R2=0.072);自尊、认知能力、母亲受教育程度和社区邻里关系均对农村社区10~15岁留守儿童心理健康有显著影响,构成保护性因素。结论农村社区10~15岁留守儿童心理健康总体处于合理范围,个体层面、家庭层面和社区层面的保护因素对降低留守儿童心理疾患风险均有显著作用。Objective To explore the status and protective factors of mental health among left-behind children aged 10 - 15 years in rural communities and to provide evidences for promoting psychological well-being of the children. Methods We extracted the data on 924 left-behind children at ages of 10 - 15 years in rural communities across China from the dataset of the survey of China Family Panel Studies （CFPS） conducted in 2014. The children＇s mental health and its protective factors at individual, family, and community level were analyzed. Results Among all the left-behind children, the mean overall score of the 6-item version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale （K6） was 9.15- 3.53, indicating a fair level of mental health, and 784 （84.85%） had a K6 score of 0 - 12 and 140 had a score of ≥13, indicating a low and high risk of mental disorder. The results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that all the protective factors at the individual, family and community level had significant effects on reducing the risk of mental disorder among the children （P 〈 0.001 for all）. The protective factors at individual-level demonstrated the strongest explanatory power in reducing mental disorder risk （Ra = 0.072）. The individual＇s self-esteem and cognitive ability, maternal education, and the neighborhood relation in communities were protective factors exerting significant influences on the mental health of the rural left-behind children. Conclusion The mental health level was in a normal range in 2014 among the left-behind children aged 10 - 15 years in rural communities. The protective factors at the individual, family, and community level all have significant effect on reducing mental disorde risk in the left-behind children.

关 键 词：心理健康 保护性因素 留守儿童 农村社区 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]