农艺措施和除草剂用量对化感稻产量及杂草生物量的影响  

Effects of agronomic measures and levels of herbicide applied on yields of allelopathic rice and biomass of weeds in fields

作　　者：李奇[1] 林芳源 吴在敬 文明德 胡飞[1] Li Qi;Lin Fangyuan;Wu Zaijing;Wen Mingde;Hu Fei(College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China;Xinhui Agricultural and Forestry Bureau,Jiangmen 529000,Guangdong Province,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Xinhui,Jiangmen 529100,Guangdong Province,China;Xinhui Jiangmen Zhaofeng Rice Production Cooperatives,Jiangmen 529000,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广州510642 [2]广东省江门市新会区农林局,江门529000 [3]广东省江门市新会区农技推广中心,新会529100 [4]江门新会区兆峰水稻专业合作社,广东江门529000

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2018年第5期1145-1153,共9页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403030);2017年广东省级农业发展和农村工作专项-耕地质量提升与监测(粤农耕肥[2107] 32号)

摘　　要：为实现水稻生产减施除草剂的目标,将化感材料与农艺措施相结合取得对稻田杂草有效控制的效果,田间采用再裂区试验法研究了化感稻3号和N两优201两个水稻化感材料和非化感材料五山丝苗在不同水分管理、移栽密度和除草剂不同用量下,对水稻产量和田间杂草生物量的影响。结果表明:无论早季稻田还是晚季稻田,施用常规除草剂量的小区杂草生物量均为0,施用常规剂量50%除草剂且仅在孕穗期晒田的小区和常规密度小区有少量杂草发生。不施除草剂的水稻材料小区杂草生物量依次为化感稻3号<N两优201<五山丝苗。移栽后75 d,不施除草剂的小区相同水稻材料孕穗期不晒田比晒田处理、高密度比常规密度处理的杂草生物量小。早季稻田不晒田和高密度提高了水稻的产量,晚季稻田则相反。化感材料化感稻3号和N两优201在田间的抑草效果较五山丝苗要好。在水稻生产中,水稻化感材料结合农艺措施,可以实现水稻不减产,田间杂草得到有效控制,除草剂量减50%的目标。In order to reduce herbicides in rice production, rice allelopathy combined with agronomic measures were used to conduct split-split plot experiments, and the effects on yields of allelopathic rice and biomass of weeds in fields were investigated by using three rice materials, including Allelopathic rice no. 3, N liangyou 201, and non-allelopathic rice Wushansimiao, two water levels（no water layer, 2-6 cm water layers above the soil surface during rice booting stage）, two transplanting densities（local conventional density and high density） and three levels of herbicide application（local application level, 50%of local application level, and no herbicides）. The results showed that the biomass of weeds in plots of local application level was zero both in early and late rice, but there was a small biomass of weeds with no water layer in local conventional density under 50% of local application level. Weed biomass could be arranged in the order from low to high as followed： Allelopathic rice no. 3, Hualianyou201, Wushansimiao in non-herbicide plots. When the same rice material was transplanted for 75 d in non-herbicide plots,weed biomass in plots of each rice material with 2-6 cm water layers was smaller than that in plots without water layer, and it was lower in high-density plots than in plots of local conventional density.Yields of rice were increased both in plots with 2-6 cm water layers and of high density in early rice,but it was the opposite in late rice. The weed-suppression effects of allelopathic materials（Allelopathic rice no. 3 and N liangyou 201） were better than that of Wushansimiao in the fields. In rice production,allelopathic rice materials combined with agronomic measures could maintain yields and reduce herbicide usage by 50% at the same time and realize effective control of weeds in fields.

关 键 词：化感稻 水分管理 密度管理 除草剂用量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]