多年秸秆还田后减追氮肥对玉米穗位叶光合特性和衰老生理的影响  

Effects of reducing nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristics and physiology of ear leaf senescence of maize in the field with continuous straw return

作　　者：段宏凯[1] 王宏富[1] 鱼冰星 王钰云 杨健 李卫东[1] Duan Hongkai;Wang Hongfu;Yu Bingxing;Wang Yuyun;Yang Jian;Li Weidong(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第12期8-14,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31301269);山西省农业科技成果转化和推广示范工程项目(SXNKTG04);山西省科技重点研发计划项目(2015-TN-09)

摘　　要：[目的]研究连续多年秸秆还田配套深翻土地的耕作制度对减追氮肥的贡献。[方法]本研究以9个玉米品种为主因素,4个追肥量为副因素,采用随机区组设计,3次重复,在拔节期追施尿素,调查灌浆期穗位叶光合特性和衰老生理指标。[结果]结果表明:追氮量显著影响玉米穗位叶光合特性和衰老生理指标,减追50%氮肥、减追25%氮肥与常规追氮处理下穗位叶Pn、SPAD以及叶面积均显著高于不追氮处理,且减追25%氮肥处理下穗位叶Pn、SPAD以及叶面积均显著高于常规追氮处理,说明减追25%氮肥可以在保证穗位叶Pn、SPAD以及叶面积不降低的前提下减少氮肥投入,且能够改善穗位叶光合特性。减追50%氮肥、减追25%氮肥与常规追氮处理下穗位叶POD与SOD酶活性均显著高于不追氮处理,且常规追氮处理下穗位叶POD与SOD酶活性显著高于其他处理,说明高追氮量有利于提高穗位叶POD与SOD酶活性。常规追氮处理下穗位叶MDA含量显著高于减追25%氮肥处理,且减追25%氮肥处理下穗位叶MDA含量显著低于其他处理,说明减追25%氮肥有利于延缓穗位叶衰老。[结论]在山西中晚熟区连续多年的秸秆还田配合深翻土地的耕作制度下,玉米追氮量可以较常规追氮量减施25%。[Objective]The aim of present study was to study the contribution of the straw return and deep soil tillagesys tern to reducing nitrogen application in the fields. [Methods] In the presentstudy, nine maize varieties were selected as the main factors, and four fertilizers were designed as secondary factors. The randomized block design was employed with 3 replications. Topdressing urea at jointing stage was conducted, and photosynthetic characteristics and senescence physiology indexes of ear leaves in filling stage were investigated. [Results] The results showed that the rate of nitro gen application significantly impacted the photosynthetic characteristics and senescence physiological indexes of ear leaves in maize. The Pn, SPAD, and leaf area of ear leavesin all three treatments includingboth 50%and 25% reduction of nitrogen application and conventional topdressing nitrogen application, were significantly higher than those of non topdressing nitrogen fertilizer treatment. When nitrogen rate was reduced by 25%, Pn, SPAD, and leaf area of ear leaves were significantly higher than those of conventional treatment. The results showed that reducing nitrogen fertil izer by 25% decreased nitrogen fertilizer input without effects on Pn, SPAD, and leaf area, and it improved photosyn thesis characteristics of panicle leaf. The activities of POD and SOD in the ear leaf of both 50% and 25% nitrogen reduction treatments as well as conventional treatment were significantly higher than those in non topdressing nitrogen treatment. And the activities of POD and SOD in the ear leaf of conventional treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The results showed that high nitrogen recovery improved POD and SOD activity. The MDA content of ear leavesin 25% reduction group was significantly lower than that in other treatments whichindicated that reducing nitrogen rate by 25% negatively impactedear leaf senescence development. [Conclusion] Under the mentioned straw return and deep tillage system in the middle and

关 键 词：减追氮肥 玉米 穗位叶 光合特性 衰老生理 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]