张家口崇礼区3种优势树种蒸腾耗水特征研究  

Water Consumption of Three Dominant Tree Species at Qingshuihe Watershed of Chongli District in Zhangjiakou

作　　者：李洁 任启文[2] 孙杰肖 LI Jie;REN Qi-wen;SUN Jie-xiao(Hebei Provincial Academy of Water Resources,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050051,China;Hebei Academy of Forestry Science,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省水利科学研究院,河北石家庄050051 [2]河北省林业科学研究院,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2018年第6期40-46,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：河北省水利科技项目(2017-04);河北省重点研发项目(18226815D);河北省林业科技项目(1701484)

摘　　要：依据组织热平衡原理,运用热扩散探针法,于2016年4月1日-2017年4月1日对张家口市崇礼区清水河流域油松、落叶松、白桦混交林中3个树种的树干液流速率进行连续监测,并同步观测气温、空气湿度、净辐射、总辐射、风速、日照时数、土壤温度、土壤含水量等环境因子,研究油松、落叶松、白桦的蒸腾耗水特征。结果表明:1)油松、落叶松、白桦3树种晴天条件下树干液流速率日变化呈典型的"单峰"曲线,阴天呈"双峰"或"多峰"曲线,雨天呈"多峰"曲线。3树种树干液流速率均表现为晴天>阴天>雨天。2)树龄相近的白桦、油松、落叶松生长季液流速率平均值分别为0.066、0.013、0.012kg·h-1·cm-1,阔叶树种白桦液流速率明显高于针叶树种,分别是油松、落叶松液流速率的5.19和5.75倍。3)林分密度986株/hm2,油松、落叶松、白桦混交比例38%、54%、8%,林龄40a左右,林分生长季总耗水量297.4mm,其中油松、落叶松、白桦分别耗水98.0、118.1、81.3mm。生长季林分耗水量占同期降雨量的58.3%,4、5、9月降雨量小于耗水量,水分供不应求。4)Pearson分析结果表明,油松、落叶松、白桦树干液流速率与气温、净辐射、总辐射、风速、日照时数显著正相关,与空气湿度显著负相关;偏相关分析结果表明,影响3树种树干液流速率的主导气象因子为气温、土壤温度和日照时数。Based on tissue heat balance theory,thermal dissipation sap flow velocity probes （TDPs） were used to measure sap flow velocity of Pinus tabuliformis,Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla at Qingshuihe watershed of Chongli district in Zhangjiakou,from April,2016 to April,2017.And the environmental factors such as air temperature,relative humidity,net radiation,total radiation,wind speed,sunshine duration,soil temperature,soil moisture content and so on were observed simultaneously to research water consumption characteristics of three tree species.The results showed that 1） in sunny days,the sap flow velocity daily changes of three tree species presented unimodal curve,with bimodal curve or polymodal curve in cloudy days and polymodal curve on rainy days.The sap flow velocity of three tree species represented as sunny days 〉 cloudy days 〉 rainy days.2） The average values of sap flow velocity of B.platyphylla,P.tabuliformis and L.principis-rupprechtii with similar tree ages were 0.066,0.013,and 0.012 kg·h -1 ·cm -1 ,respectively.The sap flow velocity of broadleaved tree B.platyphylla was apparently higher than coniferous trees,that was 5.19 and 5.75 times to P.tabuliformis and L.principis-rupprechtii .3） The stand density was 986 /hm 2,and the mixed ratios of P.tabuliformis,L.principis-rupprechtii and B.platyphylla with about forty-year-old stand age were 38%,54%,and 8%,respectively.The total water consumption was 297.4 mm in growing season,and the water consumptions of P.tabuliformis,L.principis-rupprechtii and B.platyphylla were 98.0,118.1,and 81.3 mm,respectively.The total water consumption in growing season accounted for 58.3% of the rainfall,but the rainfalls in April,May and September were less than the water consumption,and the water supply was not enough.4） The results of Pearson analysis showed that sap flow velocity of three tree species was positively correlated with air temperature,net radiation,total radiation,wind speed,sunshine duration,whereas a negative correlation wi

关 键 词：油松 落叶松 白桦 蒸腾耗水 树干液流 

分 类 号：S718.45[农业科学—林学]