滴灌水肥一体化对柑橘光合生长及产量的影响  

The Effects of Integrated Management of Water and Fertilizer on Citrus Photosynthesis,Growth and Yield

作　　者：陈昱辛 崔宁博[1,2] 杨永刚 胡笑涛 龚道枝[4] CHEN Yu-xin1 , CUI Ning-bo1,2, YANG Yong-gang1 , HU Xiao-tao3, GONG Dao-zhi4(1.State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering and College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; 2. Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture in Hilly Areas of South China, Chengdu 610066, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; 4. State Engineering Laboratory for the Efficient Water Use and Disaster Loss Reduction of Crops, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室水利水电学院,成都610065 [2]南方丘区节水农业研究四川省重点实验室,成都610066 [3]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所作物高效用水与抗灾减损国家工程实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2018年第11期9-14,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD24B01);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51779161);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(XSH201604)

摘　　要：为探明不同滴灌水肥一体化管理模式对柑橘光合特性、生长和产量的调控效应,以7年生"不知火"柑橘为试材,设置1个对照处理(CK),在果实膨大期、果实成熟期分别设置2个亏水水平(即轻度、重度亏水处理,分别记为HW、LW,灌水量分别为CK的80%、60%)和3个施肥水平(即高肥、中肥和低肥,分别记为HF、MF、LF,施肥量分别为CK的85%、70%和55%),探索适合柑橘生长的最优滴灌水肥一体化管理模式。结果表明:两个生育期不同滴灌水肥一体化处理对柑橘光合特性影响显著,在相同施肥条件下,除叶片瞬时水分利用效率(WUEi)外,各光合指标均随亏水度加重呈减小趋势,且相同亏水水平下不同施肥处理间差异基本不显著;水分亏缺处理会显著降低Pn,复水后有所提高,存在一定的复水补偿效应;复水后与CK相比,Ⅲ-HWHF(T4)和Ⅲ-HWMF(T5)处理Pn提高,Tr降低,因此WUEi显著提高10.43%和6.75%(P<0.05),达1.80、1.74μmol/mmol;复水后与CK相比,除Ⅳ-HWMF、Ⅳ-HWLF处理的Pn显著下降(P<0.05)以外,Ⅳ-HW(T10、T11、T12)各处理各光合指标差异均未达显著水平(P>0.05)。在相同施肥水平下,Vf和产量均随灌溉水平的降低显著下降;与CK相比,Ⅲ-HWHF(T4)、Ⅳ-HWMF(T11)处理Vf差异未达显著水平(P>0.05),产量变幅分别为-3.36%、-0.26%(P>0.05),达38 114.85、39 338.40 kg/hm2。综合比较柑橘光合特性、生长及产量,Ⅲ-HWHF处理及Ⅳ-HWMF处理,光合能力较强,产量稳定,是较适宜的滴灌水肥一体化管理模式。In order to search optimal integrated management of water and fertilizer for citrus,an experiment is carried out to study the influence of different water and fertilizer couplings on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and water use efficiency（ WUEi）.And ＇ Shiranui ＇citrus ripe for 7 years is selected as the test material.There is a control treatment irrigated by conventional methods（ CK）.And 2 irrigation levels（ High Water and Low Water,irrigation amount is 80% and 60% of CK respectively）,3 fertilizer levels（ High Fertilizer,Middle Fertilizer and Low Fertilizer）,fertilizer amount is 85%,70% and 55% of CK are set at fruit swelling stage（ Ⅲ） and fruit maturity stage（ Ⅳ）.The results indicate that the integrated management of water and fertilizer has significant effects on the photosynthetic characteristics of citrus at two stages.Under the same fertilization,except for WUEi,the photosynthetic indexes decrease with increasing water deficit,and under the same water deficit,the differences between treatments are not significant.Water deficit at each growth stage decreases Pnwhile WUEiincreases after re-watering,the photosynthesis has recovered.After re-watering,compared with CK,the Pnof Ⅲ-HWHF（ T4） and Ⅲ-HWMF（ T5） increase but the Trdecreases,causing the significant improvement of WUEiby 10.43% and 6.75%（ P〈0.05）.Except that the Pnof Ⅳ-HWMF,Ⅳ-HWLF decrease,there are no significant differences between photosynthetic indexes Ⅳ-HW（ T10,T11,T12） and CK.Under the same fertilization,the Vfand yield both decreased significantly with increasing water deficit; compared with CK,the average VfofⅢ-HWHF in Ⅲ and Ⅳ-HWMF in Ⅳ have no significance（ P〉0.05）.The yield of Ⅲ-HWHF and Ⅳ-HWMF decrease by 3.36% and0.26%（ P〉0.05）,reaching 38 114.85 and 39 338.40 kg/hm2 respectively.Through the integrated considering the impact of integrated management of water and fertilizer on photosynthetic characters,growth and yield of citrus,on condition that Ⅲ-HWHF a

关 键 词：滴灌水肥一体化 柑橘 光合特性 果实体积生长速率 产量 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]