广州市2014—2016年典型制造企业职业病危害因素哨点监测研究  

Occupational hazards in classical factories and enterprises of Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2016:results of sentinel surveillance

作　　者：荣幸[1] 何易楠 张晋蔚[1] 李勇勤[1] 杜伟佳[1] 王致[1] RONG Xing,HE Yinan,ZHANG Jinwei,LI Yongqin,DU Weijia,WANG Zhi(Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620, China)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院,广东广州510620

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2018年第5期389-393,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：广州市卫生计生重大项目(20181A031001);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科教[2016]27号)

摘　　要：[目的]动态掌握广州市重点行业职业病危害因素的种类和分布情况,为该市职业卫生监管工作提供科学依据。[方法]选择广州市职业病危害重点行业的36家企业为监测对象,对其工作场所职业病危害因素接触水平进行动态监测,并对职业病危害因素的超标情况进行分析。[结果] 2014—2016年共对36家哨点企业进行了工作场所职业病危害因素的连续性监测,覆盖487个岗位1 588个检测点。36家企业职业病危害因素超标率为11.34%(180/1 588),涉及的主要职业病危害因素有粉尘、多种化学因素和噪声。不同行业的企业、岗位、检测点超标率差异均有统计学意义(P <0.01),其中均以化工行业的超标率为低,船舶修造行业、木质家具制造行业超标率较高。3类超标率在不同年份间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。不同职业病危害因素的企业、岗位、检测点超标率均不同,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.01),其中均以物理因素(主要为噪声)最高。[结论]广州市典型制造企业职业病危害情况不容忽视,其中噪声危害比较严重。船舶修造行业、木质家具制造行业目前仍是广州市职业病危害防控的重点行业,开展重点行业职业病危害哨点监测是工作场所职业卫生状况监管的重要措施。[Objective] The occupational hazard condition of classical factories and enterprises, in which the sentinel surveillance was carried out,was evaluated,in order to understand the fact of occupational health work in Guangzhou.[Methods] A total of 36 factories and enterprises were chosen as surveillance sentinel,where the measurement of occupational hazards and survey of occupational health manage were consecutively carried out,and the surveillance data was analyzed.[Results] Among these 36 factories the occupational hazards at 487 operating-posts or 1 588 detection points were continuously measured from 2014 to 2016. It was noted that 180 samples had a higher level than national standard,accounting for 11.34%（180/1588）. The noncompliance of enterprises,operating-posts and/or detection points varied among different industries（P 0.01）,and chemical industry had the lowest,while shipbuilding and wooden furniture manufacture industries had higher noncompliance. The noncompliance of enterprises,operating-posts and/or detection points varied among different occupational hazards（P 0.01）,and noise was the most serious occupational hazard. [Conclusion] The noise hazard of classical factories and enterprises in Guangzhou is serious. We should pay more attention to the occupational health work in the shipbuilding industry and the small and micro enterprises. Sentinel surveillance on occupational hazards are important measures to push the work on occupation health.

关 键 词：职业病危害 哨点监测 超标率 噪声 制造企业 船舶修造 木质家具制造 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]