黔产瓜蒌不同种植栽培技术研究  

Study on Different Planting Cultivation Techniques of Trichosanthes in Guizhou

作　　者：冯果[1] 吴增光 郑传奇[1] 李横 刘文[1] 李玮[1] 陈荧荧 魏芯平 周云飞 FENG Guo;WU Zeng-guang;ZHENG Chuan-qi(Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025;Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 300193;Guiztuna Rende Green Industry Development Co.Ltd,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳中医学院,贵阳550025 [2]天津中医药大学,天津300193 [3]贵州仁德绿色产业开发有限公司,贵阳550001

出　　处：《微量元素与健康研究》2018年第6期42-44,59,共4页Studies of Trace Elements and Health

基　　金：贵州省中药现代化科技产业研究开发专项(黔科合中药字[2013]5049号);贵州省教育厅产学研基地(黔教合KY字[2013]123号);国家中医药管理局中医药部门公共卫生服务项目([2015]136);贵州省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201710662003)

摘　　要：目的:对黔产瓜蒌的种植栽培技术进行研究。方法:结合贵州本地实际,对瓜蒌的不同繁育技术进行对比研究,对黔产瓜蒌的种植条件、栽培过程、肥水管理、病虫害防治等方面进行总结。结果:黔产瓜蒌的种子繁殖、分根繁殖、不定根繁殖、压条繁殖4种繁育技术的发芽率或存活率均大于96. 0%;分根繁殖的出苗快,植株生长茂盛,挂果率高;分根繁殖、不定根繁殖、压条繁殖的雌雄株比例可控制,以收获果实为主;种子繁殖天花粉产量高,雌雄株的比例不易控制,对于生产瓜蒌和瓜蒌籽的周期较长,种子繁殖的种植成本比分根繁殖低。结论:以生产天花粉为目的时,宜选择种子繁殖技术;以生产瓜蒌和瓜蒌籽为主时,宜选择分根繁殖法;不定根繁殖、压条繁殖也可作为瓜蒌的补充繁殖技术。本研究对提高瓜蒌和天花粉的产量和质量具有重要作用,为瓜蒌种植栽培技术的选择提供参考。Objective： Study on the cultivation technology of Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms in Guizhou. Methods： According to local conditions in Guizhou, comparative study of different breeding technology of Fructus trichosenthis. The conditions of planting, cultivation, fertilizer and water management, pest control and other aspects of Trichosanthes were stedied and summarized. Results：The germination rate or survival rate of seed reproduction, root propagation, adventitious root propagation and layering propagation of Triehosanthes rosthomii Harms in Guizhou were all greater than 96%. Among them, seedling root breeding fast, plants flourish, fruiting rate is high. The high yield of Ttriehosanthin for seed breeding, male and female ratio is not easy to control, and the production cycle is long for the seeds of Trichosanthes and Trichosanthes. In addition, the cost of seed reproduction is low than root propagation. Conclusion： In the production of Trichcsanthin for the purlx~, should choose seed breeding technology. But in the production of the seeds of Trichosanthes and Trichosanthes for the purpose, should choose root breeding method. The adventitious root propagation, layering propagation can also be used as a supplementary reproduction technology of Trichosanthes. This study plays an important role in improving the yield and quality of Trichosanthes and Trichosanthin, provide a reference for the selection of Trichosantbes plant cultivation techniques.

关 键 词：瓜蒌 天花粉 种植栽培技术 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]