汉语方言的实验语音学研究旨趣  

What We Talk about When We Talk about Phonetic Measurements:Towards an Experimental Approach to the Phonetics and Phonology in Chinese Dialects

作　　者：胡方[1] HU Fang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《方言》2018年第4期385-400,共16页Dialect

摘　　要：汉语方言的语音研究中经常用到实验语音学,但却常常存在两大误解。其一,觉得实验语音学就是做测量,做统计分析的,将语言学范畴图解一下,好像就是实验语音学了;其二,觉得实验语音学是研究偏僻音类的,好像只有偏僻、稀奇的音才需要实验研究,以补"口耳之缺"。本文指出,实验语音学并不是音类的简单图解,语音学测量与统计必须有语言学意义上的考量。汉语方言的实验语音学研究就是以现在的语音科学实验手段探寻方言语音中的音类、音值区别的性质与规律:这些音的物理特性是什么?发音上是如何实现的?感知上有什么特点?而不是简单地验证记音的准确性,更不是为了寻找僻见的语音。汉语方言的实验语音学研究是语言学研究的一个独立的子学科,实验语音学测量所提供的语音细节为我们观察语音现象提供了新的方法论上的可能性。语音作为人类语言的物理载体具备了具体、变异的特性,不再像以往概念化似的那般抽象。语音的物理特性与语言学范畴之间并不存在简单对应的关系,而是交融着语音产生机制与语音感知特性的复杂映射关系。Speech research is now overwhelmingly experimental, while the mainstream linguistics is either functional or formal in general. What is explicit is that people do physical or psychological measurements through experimental approaches; but what is implicit is that the philosophical base and methodology change as well in experimental approaches. In this connection, the fundamental unit of speech/language, i.e. phoneme or distinctive features in traditional terminology, is not an abstract assumption any more as in generalization-based approaches, but an object that can be studied from perspectives of production and/or perception. This paper demonstrates the difference between an experimental approach and a generalization-based （either functional or formal） approach through the discussion on case studies on the phonetics and phonology of Chinese dialects.

关 键 词：实验语音学 证据导向 新描写主义 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]