电池交换式电动汽车换电站选址优化方法  

Optimization method of locations of recharging stations for electric vehicles with battery swapping

作　　者：顾腾飞 张勇 GUGU Tengfei;ZHANG Yong(General Planning Research Division,JSTI Group,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000,China;School of Railway Transportation,Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215131,China)

机构地区：[1]苏交科集团股份有限公司综合规划研究院,江苏南京210000 [2]苏州大学轨道交通学院,江苏苏州215131

出　　处：《河北工业科技》2018年第6期392-399,共8页Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51108289);国家社科基金重大项目(13&ZD175);江苏省属高校自然科学基金(10KJB580003)

摘　　要：为实现电动汽车快速补能,面向电池交换的充电方式,研究了城市路网上电动汽车换电站的选址问题。首先研究了电动汽车用户的路径选择,基于交通网络均衡状态和换电站选址方案的相互影响,建立站点建设成本和出行成本之和最小为目标的换电站选址优化模型。然后预测不同方案下的交通网络均衡状态,并依据预测结果评价选址方案的优劣,最后设计求解算法,利用襄阳东津新区的路网及居民出行数据进行算例分析,验证模型及算法的可靠性,求得换电站的最优选址及换电需求。研究表明,建立的电池交换式电动汽车换电站优化模型可以获得路网路段流量及换电站处的换电需求量,给出最优的选址方案及换电站建设时序;电动汽车混入率对换电站布设、交通网络均衡状态有较复杂的影响;交换站数量的增加能减少出行成本,但边际作用递减。研究结果可为城市换电站的规划提供决策参考。In order to realize rapid recharge for electric vehicles（EV）, the locations of recharging stations for electric vehicles on city road network are studied with battery swapping charging mode. To this end, the path choice of electric vehicles is studied and an optimal location model of battery-swapping stations is proposed based on the relationship between the network user equilibrium and the deployment of battery-swapping stations, with the objective of minimizing the sum of station construction cost and travel cost; The network user equilibrium under different schemes is predicted and the corresponding scheme is evaluated due to the predicted results. And then the solution algorithm is designed.A computational study was performed based on transportation network and resident trip data of Dongjin New District in Xiangyang, Which confirms the reliability and practicability of the model and algorithm proposed.Then the optimal deployment of the recharging stations and the battery-swapping demands are obtained.The research shows that the optimization model of battery-swapping station can achieve the link flow of road network, the demand of battery swapping at stations, optimal deployment and construction sequences of the stations. The penetration of EVs has a more complicated impact on the deployment of swapping stations and the traffic network equilibrium. The increase of swapping station＇s number can reduce the travel cost, but the marginal effect is diminishing. The research results can provide decision-making basis for the planning of urban swapping stations.

关 键 词：最优化 交通规划 换电站规划 用户均衡模型 电动汽车 电池交换 

分 类 号：U491.25[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]