双向嵌入:农村经济能人与基层政府行为——政治社会学视角下的城镇化问题研究  

Interactive Embeddedness: Economic Elites and the Local Government's Behavior——Studying Urbanization with the Approach of State-Society Interaction

作　　者：郑扬 胡洁人 Yang Zheng;Hu Jieren

机构地区：[1]香港城市大学,香港999077 [2]同济大学,上海200092

出　　处：《上海行政学院学报》2018年第6期89-100,共12页The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute

摘　　要：作为一项系统性的社会工程,城镇化的推进不仅与基层政府的行为紧密相关,也受到农村社会自身力量的制约。以基层乡镇政府为代表的国家力量和以农村经济能人为代表的社会力量是影响城镇化发展进程的两大要件。基于比较个案的研究显示,在城镇化项目建设中,乡村社会当中的经济能人会扮演"直接投资者""决策参与者""乡村社会的利益争取者"等三种不同角色。而基层政府则会相应地采取不同的行为策略,包括"财政收益驱动下的合作共谋""利益博弈中的被动介入"和"官僚制逻辑下的主动干预"。本研究将国家与社会在城镇化进程中的相互影响和相互改变及其体现出的国家与社会关系归结为"双向嵌入",并强调与以往强调社会力量行动策略的理论进路不同,国家在达成自身目标过程中对社会的主动渗透成为"双向嵌入"的原始动力。通过对农村经济能人角色和基层政府行为的解读,本文从政治社会学视角分析城镇化过程中国家政权与乡村社会之间的利益再平衡,认为城镇化建设需要尊重社会主体的行动逻辑,国家政权与社会力量之间的关系形态直接影响着城镇化的成败。The progress of China＂ urbanization depends not only on the local government behavior but also on the power from rural society. It is observed that in contemporary China the local government and the non-institutional elites will act as two kinds of driving force when it comes to specific urbanization projects. Particularly, the economic elites will participate in the urbanization by working as ＂ di＇reet investors,＂ ＂policy makers＂, as well as the ＂interest defenders of the rural society.＂ The local government, on the other hand, will respond to the economic elites with various strategies including collusion, proactive and passive intervention. Drawing on the data collected in Henan province, this paper reveals that urbanization in China should be understood as a concern of ＂interest rebalancing＂ between the state and the rural society, and it is necessary for local officials to respect the non-state forces since the relationship between government and the economic elites will directly exert great influence on the outcomes of the urbanization projects. By framing the state-society interaction as ＂interactive embeddedness＂, this paper provides a political-sociology perspective in understanding China＇s urbanization.

关 键 词：城镇化 农村经济能人 乡镇政府行为 政治社会学 

分 类 号：F299.21[经济管理—国民经济]