20世纪40年代初以来渤海形态变化特征  

Shape changes of Bohai Sea since the early 1940s

作　　者：宋洋[1,2] 张华 侯西勇[1] SONG Yang;ZHANG Hua;HOU Xiyong(Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,Shandong,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264003 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学院大学学报（中英文）》2018年第6期761-770,共10页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所自主部署项目(YICY755011031);中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-14);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA11020305);国家自然科学基金(31461143032)资助

摘　　要：20世纪中期以来中国沿海经历了多次围填海热潮,2000年以来环渤海区域大规模围填海已使其成为近期中国围填海的重点区域。利用地形图、海图和遥感影像等资料获取的渤海多时相的平面重心、立体重心、海岸线、低潮线、等深线、海区面积和海区体积等指标变化信息,系统揭示渤海形态的长期变化特征。结果表明:近70年来,渤海面积不断萎缩,岸线普遍向海扩张,导致渤海的平面重心总体向东偏北方向移动,但渤海的平面周长总体呈增加趋势,平面形状趋于复杂;近50年来,渤海体积总体呈下降趋势,立体重心的位置趋于变深。自然条件下的河口三角洲发育和人类围填海活动是渤海形态变化的主要原因,但渤海形态变化的驱动力已由早期的以自然因素为主转变为近期的以人类活动因素为主。China has experienced several booms in sea reclamation since the mid-20 th century.The reclamation in Bohai Rim expanded dramatically in a scale much larger than in other coastal zones in China,especially since 2 000.Therefore,based on topographic maps,nautical charts,and multitemporal remote sensing imageries,the two-dimensional centroid,three-dimensional centroid,shoreline,low tide line,depth contour,bay area,and water volume of Bohai Sea since the 1940 s were extracted and analyzed to reveal the tendencies,characters,and driving factors of long-term shape changes of Bohai Sea.The results indicate that,during the past 70 years,the area of Bohai Sea decreased continuously and that shoreline,low tide line,and 5 m isobaths shifted toward the sea in most coastal areas.Consequently,the two-dimensional centroid of Bohai Sea moved northeastward significantly,while the perimeter increased remarkably and the geometric shape became complicated.During the past 50 years,overall,the volume of Bohai Sea declined and the three-dimensional centroid dived significantly.The development of estuary delta and sea reclamation were the fundamental driving forces of long-term shape changes of Bohai Sea.However,the human forces have gradually exceeded the natural forces.

关 键 词：渤海 海岸线 等深线 数字高程模型(DEM) 重心 形态特征 

分 类 号：K928.44[历史地理—人文地理学]