高后果区天然气管道泄漏扩散的数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation of Leakage and Diffusion of Natural Gas Pipelines in High Consequence Areas

作　　者：付邦稳 蒋宏业[1] 别朗 姚安林[1,4] 徐涛龙 FU Bangwen;JIANG Hongye;BIE Lang;YAO Anlin;XU Taolong

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院,四川成都610500 [2]中国石化管道储运有限公司,江苏徐州221008 [3]川庆钻探工程有限公司国际工程公司,四川成都610500 [4]油气消防四川省重点实验室,四川成都610500

出　　处：《煤气与热力》2018年第11期70-75,共6页Gas & Heat

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAK06B01)

摘　　要：高后果区具有人口密度大及建构筑物集中的特点,其内的天然气管道一旦发生泄漏,人员伤亡及财产损失相对于其他地区更为严重。应用Fluent软件对某高后果区天然气管道泄漏扩散进行二维稳态数值模拟,分析了天然气管道在不同风速、不同泄漏位置以及不同输气压力时的泄漏扩散情况。模拟结果表明,风速对甲烷的扩散有较大的影响,随风速增大,甲烷爆炸范围有先增大后减小的趋势,甲烷扩散的敏感风速为3～5 m/s。管道的泄漏位置对甲烷的扩散影响也较大,管道背风侧泄漏时,两建筑物均处于爆炸范围内,危险性较大;管顶泄漏时,建筑物周围甲烷体积分数较高,易使人窒息;管底泄漏时,大量甲烷聚积在泄漏口附近,爆炸范围较小。甲烷泄漏扩散时,爆炸下限高度随管道输气压力的增大而升高,甲烷扩散的敏感压力为5～6 MPa。The high consequence areas （HCAs） have the characteristics of large population density and concentration of buildings and structures. Once the natural gas pipeline leaks in HCAs,the casualties and property losses are more serious than other areas. Twodimensional steadystate numerical simulation of leakage and diffusion of natural gas pipelines in HCAs is carried out by Fluent software. The leakage and diffusion of natural gas pipelines at different wind speeds,different leakage locations and different gas transmission pressures are analyzed. The simulation results show that the wind speed has a greater influence on the diffusion of methane. As the wind speed increases,the methane explosion range first increases and then decreases. The sensitive wind speed of methane diffusion is 3 to 5 m/s. The leakage position of the pipeline also has a greater influence on the diffusion of methane. When the leakage occurs at the leeward side of pipeline,both buildings are in the explosion range,which is dangerous. When the leakage occurs at the top of the pipeline,the volume fraction of methane around the building is higher,which makes people suffocate easy. When the leakage occurs at the bottom of pipeline,a large amount of methane accumulates near the leak,and the explosion range is small. When the methane leaks and diffuses,the height of the lower explosion limit increases with the increase of the pipeline gas transmission pressure,and the sensitive pressure of methane diffusion is 5 to 6 MPa.

关 键 词：高后果区 天然气管道 泄漏扩散 数值模拟 爆炸范围 输气管道 

分 类 号：TE832[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]