温州三垟湿地水生生态系统现状调查及修复思路  

The Present Situation Investigation and the Idea of Ecological Restoration on Aquatic Ecosystem in Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou

作　　者：南春容[1] 缪克排 NAN Chunrong;MIAO Kepai(School of Life Science,Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou 325035,Zhejiang,P.R.China;Wenzhou Ecological Park Management Committee,Wenzhou 325014,Zhejiang,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学生命科学学院,浙江温州325035 [2]温州生态园管理委员会,浙江温州325014

出　　处：《湿地科学》2018年第5期612-617,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：温州市水污染科技创新专项项目(S20140031);2017年度温州生态园三垟湿地河道生态修复维护项目资助

摘　　要：2016年1月～2017年7月,对温州三垟湿地水体中主要水质指标、大型水生动植物和水华状况等进行了调查研究。结果表明,近年来,三垟湿地水质逐步好转,但氮、磷营养盐含量仍高于地表水Ⅴ类水域标准。三垟湿地内缺乏大型水生植物,只有4～10月人工种植的经济水生作物菱（Trapa bispinosa）为优势种,水生动物以人工放养的鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）和鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）为优势种,外来物种福寿螺（Pomacea canaliculata）入侵严重。2017年春季和夏季,多处河段发生水华,4月发生绿眼虫（Euglena viridis）水华,5月发生尖尾蓝隐藻（Chroomonas acuta）和卵形隐藻（Cryptomonas cvata）水华,7月发生膝口藻（Gonyostomum semen）水华。目前,三垟湿地水生生态系统食物网结构简单,以浮游植物—白鲢和浮游植物—浮游动物—鳙鱼为主,是能量流动的主渠道,生态系统的能量流动和物质循环不畅。针对三洋湿地水生生态系统现状,提出了构建以有机碎屑为起点的碎屑食物链和以大型水生植物为起点的牧食食物链生态修复计划。Aquatic ecosystem status of Sanyang wetland in Wenzhou was investigated from 2016 to 2017. The results showed that the water quality of the wetland in recent years gradually improved, but the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient level were still at V class. There was few aquatic macrophyte in Sanyang wetland, just water caltro, Trapa bispinosa,a kind of cultured economic aquatic crop, planted from April to October.Artificial stocking silver carps, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and variegated carps, Aristichthys nobilis were dominant aquatic animal species. An apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata was a serious invasive species in the wetland. Euglena viridis bloom emerged in many channel segments in April 2017, followed by Chroomonas acuta and Cryptomonas cvata bloom in May, and Gonyostomum semen bloom in July. As the principal channel for energy flow, the food web of aquatic ecosystem was simple, mainly composed of phytoplankton to silver carp, and phytoplankton to zooplankton then to variegated carp. The energy flow and material circulation of ecological system were blocked and frustrated. In view of the aquatic ecosystem status of Sanyang wetland, an ecological restoration plans are proposed. It mostly involves detritus food chain and grazing food chain, respectively starting from organic detritus and large aquatic plants. In addition, natural enemies can be used to control the population of Pomacea canaliculata, and water transparency can be improved by stocking benthic filter feeding animals to rebuild submerged forest. The structure of fish communities should be modulated and biodiversity be enhanced to improve the stability of aquatic ecosystem.

关 键 词：三垟湿地 水生生态系统 碎屑食物链 生物链(网)生态修复 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]