烟台大沽夹河入海口水鸟群落组成、物种丰富度和种间关系分析  

Composition, Species Richness and Interspecific Relationship of Waterbird Community in Dagujiahe River Estuary, Yantai

作　　者：许翠萍[1] 李欣洋 王宜艳[1] 王丽婷 刘贺 申雪娇 孙虎山[1] XU Cuiping;LI Xinyang;WANG Yiyan;WANG Liting;LIU He;SHEN Xuejiao;SUN Hushan(School of Life Science,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,Shangdong,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《湿地科学》2018年第5期635-641,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：环境保护部生物多样性保护专项—鸟类观测—烟台样区项目(2016-2017LDU37)资助

摘　　要：采用样线法和直接计数法,于2016年10月至2017年9月,观察烟台大沽夹河入海口潮间带及其附近养殖区的水鸟群落。研究结果表明,共记录水鸟5目10科50种;其中,有本地留鸟5种,有候鸟45种,候鸟占水鸟总种数的90%;在候鸟中,有旅鸟22种,占水鸟总种数的44%,冬候鸟15种,占30%,夏候鸟8种,占16%;有优势种12种,分别为苍鹭（Ardea cinerea）、白鹭（Egretta garzetta）、翘鼻麻鸭（Tadorna tadorna）、绿头鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）、红头潜鸭（Aythya ferina）、凤头潜鸭（Aythya fuligula）、鹊鸭（Bucephala clangula）、环颈鸻（Charadrius alexandrines）、中杓鹬（Numenius phaeopus）、黑尾鸥（Larus crassirostris）、西伯利亚银鸥（Larus vegae）和红嘴鸥（Larus ridibundus）。从生态型上看,涉禽占水鸟总种数的62%,游禽占38%。水鸟物种数量最大值出现在2017年4月,为21种,其次为9月的水鸟物种数量,为19种,6月的水鸟物种数量最少,仅为9种;水鸟群落个体数量变化曲线与物种数量变化曲线存在较大差异,其中,最大值出现在3月,为2 303只,最小值出现在6月,为104只。秋季和冬季研究区的水鸟群落多样性指数明显高于春季和夏季。对13种鸻鹬类和8种鸭类进行种群数量随时间变化的种间关系分析发现,两类群分别有9对和12对显著相关。大沽夹河入海口潮间带及其附近养殖区是多种迁徙鸟类的能量补给地和越冬地,需要进一步加强监管与保护。The waterbirds in the intertidal zone of Dagujia River estuary and its nearby area in Yantai were observed by sample line and direct counting methods from October 2016 to September 2017. The 50 species of waterbirds, belonging to 5 orders, 10 families were recorded. Among these species, only 5 species were residents, 45 species were migratory birds which accounted for 90.0% of the total species, in which 22 species were transient migrant birds which accounted for 44.0%, 15 species were winter birds which accounted for30.0%, 8 species were summer birds which accounted for 16.0%. There were 12 dominant species, including Squawk（Ardea cinerea）, Egret（Egretta garzetta）, Shelduck（Tadorna tadorna）, Mallard（Anas platyrhynchos）,Pochard（Aythya ferina）, Tufted Duck（Aythya fuligula）, Goldeneye（Bucephala clangula）, Snowy Plover（Charadrius alexandrinus）, Whimbrel（Numenius phaeopus）, Black-tailed Gull（Larus crassirostris）, Vega Gull（Larus vegae） and Black-headed Gull（Larus ridibundus）. Wading birds accounted for 62.0% and swimming birds accounted for 38.0%. The highest value of waterbird species appeared in April 2017, with 21 species, the secondary value in September with 19 species, with the lowest value of waterbird species in June,with only 9 species. The annual dynamic curve of the number of individuals was significantly different from that of the number of species, which the highest value appeared in March with 2 303 individuals, while the lowest value appeared in June with 104 individuals. The Shannon-Wiener index of autumn and winter was significantly higher than those in spring and summer. Interspecific correlation analysis for 13 species from shorebird populations and 8 species from duck populations recorded over time found that 9 pairs of shorebirds and 12 pairs of ducks were significant correlated. The intertidal zone of Dagujia River estuary and its nearby breeding areas were the energy supplement and wintering ground for many migratory birds, so, much more supervisi

关 键 词：水鸟群落 迁徙 大沽夹河 入海口 潮间带 烟台 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]