珠海市禽类市场禽流感病毒污染控制研究  

Contamination of avian influenza virus in poultry markets in Zhuhai and its control

作　　者：张雪宝[1] 陈泽玲 倪锡河[1] 张楚东 陈龙[1] 林新天[1] 阮峰[1] ZHANG Xue-bao;CHEN Ze-ling;NI Xi-he;ZHANG Chu-dong;CHEN Long;LIN Xin-tian;RUAN Feng(Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhuhai,Guangdong 519060,China)

机构地区：[1]珠海市疾病预防控制中心,广东珠海519060

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2018年第10期742-746,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(201611594841944)

摘　　要：目的分析珠海市实施家禽"集中屠宰、冷链配送、生鲜上市"后,禽类市场禽流感病毒污染水平的变化。方法选取2014-2017年,11月至次年5月为监测周期,于珠海市69个涉禽市场(26个限制区禽类市场,43个非限制区禽类市场),每周随机选择2个市场,采集外环境棉拭子样本20份,采用RTPCR检测A型流感病毒核酸,阳性样本进一步检测H7、H5和H9亚型。结果采集外环境样本1 870份,样本A型阳性率37.81%(707/1 870),H7亚型阳性率8.29%(155/1 870),H9亚型阳性率26.52%(496/1 870)。市场A型禽流感病毒阳性率87.73%(193/220),H7亚型阳性率32.73%(72/220),H9亚型阳性率71.82%(158/220)。H7禽流感样本阳性率1月最高,H9禽流感样本阳性率时间分布呈"V"型,11月和5月为高峰。实施前后,鸡笼A型[1.58倍(95%CI:1.16~2.17)];H7亚型[5.83倍(95%CI:2.44~13.92)]和H9亚型[1.79倍(95%CI:1.24~2.58)]样本阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义。实施后,市场地面污染下降,A型样本阳性率下降59.40%(RR=0.41,95%CI:0.22~0.76);H7亚型样本阳性率下降83.40%(RR=0.17,95%CI:0.06~0.48)。结论珠海市实施"集中屠宰、冷链配送、生鲜上市"后,控制市场地面禽流感病毒污染显著,鸡笼的禽流感病毒污染应引起高度关注。Objective To understand the contamination of avian influenza virus in poultry markets in Zhuhai,and to observe the change after implementing the centralized slaughtering,cold chain transportation and fresh poultry supplying policy. Methods A total of 69 poultry markets including 26 restricted and 43 unrestricted ones were included in the investigation.40 cotton swab samples were collected from the environment of two markets each week,20 per market from November to the following May during 2014 and 2017.Avian influenza virus was detected using RT-PCR and subtype H7,H5 and H9 virus were further determined by sequencing. Results Total 1 870 samples were collected from the surrounding areas and the positive rate was 37.81%（707/1 870）for type A avian influenza virus,8.29%（155/1 870）for subtype H7 and 26.52%（496/1 870）for subtype H9.220 samples were collected inside the markets and the positive rate was 87.73%（193/220）for type A avian influenza virus,32.73%（72/220）for subtype H7 and 71.82%（158/220）for subtype H9.The highest positive rate of subtype H7 was in January.November and May were the peak seasons of subtype H9 which showed a ＂V＂ shape.The differences of positive rates of subtype A,H7 and H9 in chicken coops were all statistically significant before and after the new policy implementation which resulted in a 1.58 times lower（95%CI：1.16-2.17）,5.83 times lower（95%CI：2.44-13.92）and 1.79 times lower（95%CI：1.24-2.58）of positive rates of subtype A,H7 and H9 after the implementation.Also,the overall contamination level on the market ground decreased with the positive rate of subtype A and subtype H7 decreasing by 59.40%（RR=0.41,95%CI：0.22-0.76）and 83.40%（RR=0.17,95%CI：0.06-0.48）respectively. Conclusions With the implementation of centralized slaughtering,cold chain transportation and fresh poultry supplying policy,the contamination of avian influenza virus in poultry markets has been effectively controlled especially on the market ground.However more attention s

关 键 词：禽流感 集中屠宰 冷链配送 生鲜上市 禽类市场 监测 污染控制 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]