利用胚挽救技术创制无核抗寒葡萄新种质  

Breeding for Grape Germplasm Involved in Seedlessness with Cold-Resistant Using Embryo Rescue

作　　者：赵雅楠 骆强伟 王跃进[1] ZHAO YaNan;LUO QiangWei;WANG YueJin(College of Horticulture,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resource Utilization in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi;Development and Research Centre of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region,Shanshan 838201,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点试验室/农业部西北地区园艺作物生物与种质创制重点试验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善838201

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第21期4119-4130,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金(CARS-29-yz-3)

摘　　要：【目的】获得无核抗寒葡萄新种质并提高抗寒无核葡萄胚挽救育种效率。【方法】以7个杂交组合的胚珠作为试验材料,研究不同亲本基因型、基本培养基类型(MM3和ER)、不同氨基酸(MM3+2.5 mmol·L^(-1)半胱氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、丝氨酸)对无核葡萄胚发育率和成苗率的影响。从杂交亲本中分别利用无核探针GSLP1-569、SCC8-1018和抗寒的分子标记S241-717,确定能扩增出特异带的亲本,再用相应的分子标记对其杂种后代进行无核和抗寒性状的鉴定。【结果】7个杂交组合接种至MM3培养基的胚珠为1 168个,获得发育胚331个和杂种后代97株,杂交组合‘红宝石无核’ב北醇’的胚发育率和成苗率最高,分别为46.00%和17.33%。通过比较母本基因型,以‘双优’为父本,‘红脸无核’‘无核白’‘昆香无核’为母本,杂交组合‘昆香无核’ב双优’获得胚发育率和成苗率最高,分别为45.39%和16.31%;以‘北冰红’为父本,‘红脸无核’‘美丽无核’‘无核白’为母本,杂交组合‘红脸无核’ב北冰红’获得胚发育率和成苗率最高,分别为33.52%和6.59%。父本基因型对胚挽救成苗有一定影响,‘红脸无核’ב北冰红’和‘红脸无核’ב双优’,胚发育率分别为33.52%、39.00%,成苗率为6.59%、9.50%;‘无核白’ב北冰红’和‘无核白’ב双优’的胚发育率分别为7.64%、19.26%,成苗率为1.91%、8.15%。接种至MM3培养基的胚珠,获得的胚发育率和成苗率均高于ER培养基。杂交组合‘昆香无核’ב双优’的胚珠接种至添加2.5 mmol·L^(-1)谷氨酰胺的MM3培养基,获得胚发育率最高,为59.69%;添加天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺培养的杂种胚珠获得的成苗率分别为21.43%、20.93%,对成苗促进作用显著;对于杂交组合‘红宝石无核’ב北醇’,添加2.5 mmol·L^(-1)天冬酰胺的胚发育率最高,为55.71%;添加天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺培�【Objective】The objective of this study is to obtain new cold-resistant seedless grape germplasm and improve the breeding efficiency through embryo rescue in vitro.【Method】The different genotypes,basal culture media（MM3 and ER）,amino acids（2.5 mmol·L^（-1 ）cysteine,asparagine,glutamine and serine were added in MM3 medium）were used to investigate the effect on the embryo development rates and seedling rates from ovules of 7 cross combinations.From the parents,the molecular markers GSLP1-569 and SCC8-1018 for seedlessness and the marker S241-717 for cold-resistance were used to identify the strains with specific bands,and then the three markers were used to screen the hybrids by recognizing the specific bands.【Result】Of the 7combinations,1 168 ovules cultured in MM3 were obtained 331 embryos and 97 hybrid strains.Among these crosses,‘Ruby Seedless’בBeichun’got the highest embryo development rate and seedling rate,which were 46.00%and 17.33%,respectively.Compared with female parents,for‘Shuangyou’as male parent and‘Blush Seedless’‘Thompson Seedless’‘Kunxiang Seedless’as female parents,‘Kunxiang Seedless’בShuangyou’had the highest embryo development rate and seedling rate,which were 45.39%and 16.31%,respectively.For‘Beibinghong’as male parent and‘Blush Seedless’‘Beauty Seedless’‘Thompson Seedless’as female parents,‘Blush Seedless’בBeibinghong’had the highest embryo development rate and seedling rate,which were 33.52%and6.59%,respectively.Different male parents also influenced seedlings formation.The embryo development rates of‘Blush Seedless’בBeibinghong’and‘Blush Seedless’בShuangyou’were 33.52%and 39.00%,and the seedling rates of them were 6.59%and 9.50%,respectively.The embryo development rates of‘Thompson Seedless’בBeibinghong’and‘Thompson Seedless’בShuangyou’were7.64%and 19.26%,and the seedling rates of them were 1.91%and 8.15%,respectively.The rate of embryo development and seedling of ovu

关 键 词：无核葡萄 抗寒性 胚挽救 胚珠培养 分子标记辅助选择 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]