略论中国明清之际海上力量的衰落  

On the Decline of Sea Power during the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China

作　　者：李新坤 Li Xinkun

出　　处：《珠江论丛》2017年第3期22-40,共19页Pearl River Forum

摘　　要：海上力量根本上是一种海上能力。舰船体现了国家和民族的海洋掌控能力,是海上力量的最终体现。明朝之前,中国已经有巨大的海上力量。即便是在明初,中国也拥有无与伦比的海上力量。自明朝中期到清朝,中国海上力量的衰落有两个比较面向：一是纵向的,中国比原来差了。二是横向的,中国比欧洲差了。关于中国明清海上力量衰落,原因是多方面的,但是,这一时期中国封建统治集团昧于世界大势,从维护自身统治利益出发而对民间海上力量采取的限制、某些时期甚至是禁绝的保守主义政策,至少是十分重要的原因之一。Maritime power is essentially a maritime capability. The ship represents the national ocean control ability, is the ultimate embodiment of the power of the sea. Before the Ming Dynasty,China had great sea power and even in the early Ming Dynasty,China also had unparalleled sea power. From the mid-Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,the decline of China＇ s maritime power had two comparisons： one was vertical,China was worse than the original; the other was horizontal,China was worse than Europe. On the decline of China＇ s maritime power in the Ming and Qing dynasties,the reasons are multifaceted,but one of the most important reasons is that during this period,the Chinese feudal ruling group, in order to maintain their own interest, ignored the general trend of the world,imposing restrictions on the civil sea forces,and even prohibited Conservative policy in certain periods.

关 键 词：海上力量 舰船 海盗问题 民间力量 海禁 

分 类 号：E712.53[军事—军事理论]