化肥减量配施有机肥对早稻田温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer use on the greenhouse gas emissions of early rice fields

作　　者：杨丹[1] 叶祝弘 肖珣 闫颖[1] 刘鸣达[1] 谢桂先[2] YANG Dan;YE Zhu-hong;XIAO Xun;YAN Ying;LIU Ming-da;XIE Gui-xian(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agriculture University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agriculture University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866 [2]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2018年第11期2443-2450,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201200)~~

摘　　要：为明确化肥减量配施有机肥对早稻田温室气体排放的影响,在长期定位施肥试验区采用密闭静态箱法采集温室气体,监测了常规施用化肥以及化肥减量配施鲜猪粪、沼液沼渣、猪粪堆肥、紫云英绿肥等不同施肥处理的早季稻田主要温室气体排放动态,探讨了不同施肥措施对稻田温室气体累积排放量、全球增温潜势(GWP)及排放强度(GHGI)的影响。结果表明:不同施肥措施下早稻田温室气体的排放存在明显的差异;与常规施肥相比,各化肥减量配施有机肥处理均促进了早稻田CH_4和CO_2的排放,而化肥减量配施鲜猪粪、猪粪堆肥处理的N_2O排放量分别降低了7.09%、4.89%。在早稻生长季,化肥减量配施有机肥虽引起了稻田GWP值的增加,增幅在5.00%~59.58%之间,但也使稻谷产量增加了6.15%~12.10%,选择适宜的有机肥还可降低稻田的GHGI值;其中化肥减量配施猪粪堆肥是本试验中促进早稻增产和实现温室气体减排的最佳施肥措施。This study determined the effects of the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure on the greenhouse gas emissions, cumulative emissions, emission intensity （GHGI）, and global warming potential （GWP） of early rice fields. The greenhouse gas produced through different treatments, including conventional chemical fertilizer and the combination of chemical fertilizer and organic manure[pig manure （PF）, biogas slurry （BF）, pig manure composting （DF）, and green manure （GF）], was collected by closed static chamber method in the long-term fertilization experiment area. Results indicated that different treatments resulted in varying levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with conventional chemical fertilizers, all treatments with organic manure increased CH4 and CO2 emissions in the early rice field, while N2O emissions decreased 7.09% and 4.89% in the PF and DF treatments, respectively. The addition of organic manure to the chemical fertilizer increased GWP between 5.00% and 59.58% and rice yield between 6.15%～12.10%. Choosing suitable organic fertilizer can also reduce the GHGI value of rice fields. This study reveal that, of the various treatments, DF is an especially effective method for increasing production and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in early rice fields.

关 键 词：水稻 有机肥 温室气体 产量 增温潜势 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]