如何实现橄榄型分配格局?——基于客观阶层标准的实证分析  

How to Realize the Olive-shaped Distribution Pattern——An Empirical Analysis Based on Objective Class Standards

作　　者：杨天宇[1] 张令达 YANG Tianyu;ZHANG Lingda(School of Economics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2018年第6期53-65,共13页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"中国经济的结构性减速与结构性改革"(13JJD790036);教育部2011中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心子项目"认识;适应和引领经济新常态研究"

摘　　要：基于城乡收入口径统一的微观数据库CHIP2013,采用有限混合模型提供的客观阶层标准代替人为确定阶层上下限的主观阶层标准,测算了全社会各阶层的人口规模、收入份额和收入来源。测算结果显示,由于将数量庞大的农村低收入家庭纳入分析范围,我国中等收入者比重仅为10.63%,而低收入者比重却高达54.04%,呈现明显的金字塔型分配格局。对实现橄榄型分配格局的影响因素可以从两个方面进行实证分析,一是缩减低收入者比重,二是扩大中等收入群体。研究结果表明,这两个方面的实现途径不尽相同。前者最重要的实现途径是提升低收入者的教育水平,而后者最重要的实现途径是提高低收入者和中低收入者的财产性收入。此外,农村人口城镇化、户籍人口城镇化、缩小区域之间和所有制之间的收入差距等,都对实现橄榄型分配格局有一定的促进作用。Based on the micro data of urban and rural income wlm me same standards, this paper es timated the population size, the income share and the income sources of every class membership by objective standards instead of subjective standards. Our method is adopted from the finite mixture model instead of artificial determination. Data from CHIP2013 shows that the proportion of the middle income group is only 10. 63%, whilst the proportion of the low income group accounts for 54. 04%. This Pyramid pattern may be due to a large number of low income rural people. Moreover, we make an empirical analysis of the impact factors of the olive-shaped distribution pat- tern from two aspects. One is to reduce the proportion of low income people; the other is to expand the middle class group. The results of empirical analysis show the realization approaches of these two aspects differ vastly. For the former, the most important approach is to improve the education level of low income people, whilst for the latter, is to improve the property income of low and lower- middle income people. Furthermore, other factors can also promote the realization of the olive-shaped distribution pattern, including urbanization, urbanization of household registered population, reducing the regional inequality, and reducing the inequality among different ownership sectors.

关 键 词：橄榄型分配格局 有限混合模型 客观标准 收入分配 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济]