北京冬季重污染过程大气细颗粒物化学组成特征及来源分析  

Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM_(2.5) during winter in Beijing

作　　者：李杏茹[1,2] 白羽 陈曦 徐静 刘水桥 杨阳 王英锋[1] 王国安[1] 刘雨思[1] 张瑞瑛 王跃思 LI Xingru;BAI Yu;CHEN Xi;XU Jing;LIU Shuiqiao;YANG Yang;WANG Yingfeng;WANG Guoan;LIU Yusi;ZHANG Ruiying;WANG Yuesi(Department of Chemistry,Capital Normal University,Beijing,100048,China;Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education,School of Geographic Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200241,China;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing,100048,China;State Key Laboratory of Atmospherie Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry（LAPC）,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100029,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学化学系,北京100048 [2]华东师范大学地理科学学院地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [3]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [4]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《环境化学》2018年第11期2397-2409,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2017YFC0210000);北京市教委面上项目(KM201510028007)资助~~

摘　　要：为研究北京冬季重污染过程细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的化学组成特征和来源贡献,利用大流量颗粒物采样器于2014年1月8日—19日对PM_(2.5)样品进行了为期12 d的采集,每4 h更换1次滤膜.采集的样品分别利用GC-MS、IC、ICP-MS、EC/OC仪测定了其中的有机组分、水溶性离子、金属元素和EC、OC等成分.结果表明,北京冬季PM_(2.5)维持在较高的水平,清洁天和霾天PM_(2.5)的平均浓度分别为86.0μg·m^(-3)和200.4μg·m^(-3),其中水溶性离子和有机物是主要组成,随着污染的发生,水溶性离子的占比由清洁天的35.6%快速上升至霾天的52%,而有机物的占比由清洁天的34.0%下降至霾天的17.4%.在所测定的有机组成中,糖类和一元脂肪酸是浓度最高的组成,其次为正构烷烃和多环芳烃,二元脂肪酸浓度最低,除二元脂肪酸外,其他检测的有机物均为霾天高于清洁天,表明霾天有更多的一次有机物的排放,根据PMF受体模型分析结果表明,霾天中二次来源是北京冬季PM_(2.5)的主要来源.In order to explore the chemical compositions and source of PM（2.5） under different air conditions in Beijing,high frequency sampling was carried out from 8 thJan to 19 thJan in 2014,and the main chemical compositions including organic compounds,water soluble ions,elements,EC andOC were analyzed by using GC-MS,IC,ICP-MS,EC/OC,etc. The results indicated that the concentration of PM（2.5） was high,and the average concentrations on clear days and hazy days were 86.0 μg·m（-3） and 200. 4 μg·m（-3） respectively. With the occurrence of pollution,the proportion of water-soluble ions increased rapidly from 35. 6% on clear days to 52% on haze days,while the proportion of organic matters decreased to 17.4% on haze days from 34.0% on clear days. Sugars and fatty acids had the highest concentrations,followed by n-alkanes,PAHs and dicarboxylic acids in all the detected organic matters. Except dicarboxylic acids,the concentrations of the other organic compounds on hazy days were higher than these on clear days,which indicate that more primary organic compounds were emitted on hazy days. According to the result of PMF receptor model,secondary sources are still the main source in winter time in Beijing.

关 键 词：细粒子 化学组成 霾 PM2.5 北京 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]