缓释氮肥和AM菌剂对木薯生长和土壤氮素特征的影响  

Effects of Slow-released Nitrogen Fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Cassava Growth and Soil Nitrogen Indices

作　　者：郑华[1] 韦云东 李军[1] 盘欢[1] 文峰[1] 雷开文 ZHENG Hua;WEI Yundong;LI Jun;PAN Huan;WEN Feng;LEI Kaiwen(Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Crops/Guangxi Institute of Cassava,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所/广西壮族自治区木薯研究所,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2018年第10期1893-1900,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：木薯根系的地质雷达探测方法研究(No.31400316);国家木薯产业技术体系土肥水管理岗位科学家项目(No.CARS-11-GXLJ);基于高通量测序的木薯根际土壤微生物多样性研究(桂热研201607);中微量元素肥料对木薯生长及养分吸收的影响(桂热研201705)

摘　　要：本文利用田间试验技术,研究缓释氮肥和AM菌剂对木薯生长和土壤氮素的影响。结果表明:纯施缓释氮肥抑制了30 d的土壤硝态氮含量。与其他处理相比,基施缓释氮肥+AM菌剂和基施尿素在63 d释放出了最高的硝态氮。土壤硝态氮表现出了先升高再降低后平稳的季节变化,且施肥使其在土壤中出现最高值的时间从对照的30 d增加到63d。土壤速效氮和部分处理的土壤硝态氮与采样时间的关系可用一元二次方程显著拟合。土壤速效氮与硝态氮呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。土壤铵态氮表现为升高-降低-升高-平稳的季节变化模式。施化肥比不施肥促进了株高,基施缓释氮肥略微提高了木薯茎粗。缓释氮肥配施AM菌剂产量最高,其显著高于尿素基施及不施肥或只施AM菌剂。本研究发现最佳施肥组合为基施缓释氮肥+AM菌剂。In order to test the effects of slow-released nitrogen fertilizer（SRNF） and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi（AMF） on cassava growth and soil nitrogen, a field trial was carried out. There were 8 fertilizer treatments, including urea, SRNF, AMF and their compositions. For each treatment, the soil nitrate nitrogen（NO3–-N）, the ammonium nitrogen（NH4＋-N） and available nitrogen（AN） were measured in 0 d, 31 d, 63 d, 105 d and 141 d, respectively. Results showed that, soil NO3–-N was decreased for pure SRNF treatment at 30 d, but was increased by the basal SRNF＋AMF treatment at 63 d. The seasonal variation of soil NO3–-N showed an increase-decrease-stable pattern. Compared to CK（no fertilizers applied）, the highest soil NO3–-N was prolonged from 30 d to 60 d in the fertilizer treatments. The correlation of soil AN or NO3–-N for some treatments with sampling time could be described by the quadratic equation with one variable. And soil AN was significantly（p0.01） correlated with NO3–-N. Soil NH4＋-N showed a seasonal variation pattern of increase-decrease-increase-stable. The stem height was increased by fertilizers applied and stem diameter was increased slightly by basal SRNF. Cassava root yield was the highest for SRNF＋AMF treatment, significantly higher than that for basal urea, CK or AMF only. The optimum fertilizers compound was basal SRNF＋AMF.

关 键 词：脲甲醛缓释氮肥 速效氮 硝态氮 铵态氮 木薯施肥管理 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]