云南山地橡胶树的养分空间变化特征  

Spatial Variation of Nutrient in Rubber Tree in Yunnan Mountainous Regions

作　　者：杨春霞[1] 丁华平[1] 许木果 李春丽[1] YANG Chunxia;DING Huaping;XU Muguo;LI Chunli(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crop,Jinghong,Yunnan 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2018年第10期1933-1939,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云岭产业技术领军人才项目;云南省财政专项科研基本业务费(No.RF2018-5);云南省科技创新强省计划项目(No.2009AB001)

摘　　要：通过对云南西双版纳、普洱、红河、临沧植胶区的16个橡胶种植农场开割橡胶树,进行系统规模化的普查,并评价其营养类型,以全面了解云南山地橡胶树的养分特征,为制定云南山地胶园专用的肥料大配方提供依据。研究结果表明,不同植胶区橡胶树营养状况不尽相同,同一植胶区不同农场橡胶树营养状况亦有差异。云南植胶区橡胶树叶片氮含量24.62～47.46 g/kg,平均34.69 g/kg;磷含量1.57～4.92 g/kg,平均2.45 g/kg;钾含量5.67～26.91 g/kg,平均13.57 g/kg;钙含量4.03～28.55 g/kg,平均11.05 g/kg;镁含量1.41～6.98 g/kg,平均3.63 g/kg。橡胶树叶片养分含量变异系数为钙>镁>钾>磷>氮,依次为26.14%、23.43%、19.04%、13.76%、9.04%。正常型、缺镁型、缺氮磷型、缺钾型4种营养类型的橡胶树占总普查橡胶树的86.11%,为云南橡胶树的主要营养类型。An experiment was conducted to fully understand the nutrient characteristic of rubber tree and to provide the basis for making special fertilizer formula in Yunnan rubber plantation. The nutritional types of the tapped rubber trees in 16 farms were surveyed systematically and evaluated in Xishuangbanna, Pu＇er, Honghe and Lincang planting regions. The results showed that the nutritional status of rubber trees was not the same in different plantations and farms. The nitrogen content of the leaves was 24.62-47.46 g/kg, with an average of 34.69 g/kg. The phosphorus content was 1.57-4.92 g/kg, with an average of 2.45 g/kg. The potassium content was 5.67-26.91 g/kg, with an average of 13.57 g/kg. The calcium content was 4.03-28.55 g/kg, with an average of 11.05 g/kg. The magnesium content was 1.41-6.98 g/kg, with an average of 3.63 g/kg. Variation coefficient of the nutrient for Ca, Mg, K, P and N was 26.14%, 23.43%, 19.04%, 13.76% and 19.04%. The main four nutrient types were normal, Mg deficiency, N P deficiency, K deficiency, which accounting for 86.11% of Yunnan rubber plantation.

关 键 词：云南山地 橡胶树 叶片养分 空间变化 营养类型 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]