斜交实用堰泄流能力及水力特性的试验研究  

Experimental study on discharge capacity and hydraulic characteristics of oblique practical weirs

作　　者：扈霖 张耀哲[1] 王文娥[1] HU Lin;ZHANG Yaozhe;WANG Wen＇e(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2018年第11期56-64,共9页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503125);"十三五"国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0400203)

摘　　要：受自然河床边界条件的限制,中小型水利工程中斜交实用堰经常为设计者采用,但斜交实用堰过流能力的确定,是困扰设计人员的一个技术难题。对不同斜交角(θ=0°,30°,45°,60°)的斜交实用堰在5种流量下进行20组实验,研究斜交实用堰附近的流场特征,分析斜交实用堰流量系数与其影响因素,给定了斜交实用堰流量计算方法。试验结果表明:等宽度明渠条件下斜交堰流速水头要大于正交堰;斜交堰一般不会出现回流区,其主流方向在堰前均发生偏转;斜交实用堰更适用于低水头运行,但是在高水头下依旧有着比正交堰更大的过流能力;给定的斜交实用堰流量计算公式,计算值与实测值相对误差最大为4.63%,满足一般工程设计的要求,可作为工程设计人员采用时的参考。Oblique practical weirs are often the designers＇ choice for mid-and small-scale water conservancy projects that are limited by natural riverbed boundary conditions, but their discharge capacity is still a technical issue. This paper examines the characteristics of flows around oblique practical weirs, analyses discharge coefficient and its influencing factors, and develops a discharge calculation method, based on 20 sets of experimental tests covering four oblique angles（0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°） and five discharges. Results show that in comparison to the normal weir in a channel with the same width, these weirs have larger approaching velocities and generally create no circulation zone, but in front of them the mainstreams are deflected. An oblique weir is more applicable when the water head is low, while under high water heads its discharge capacity still exceeds the normal weir. We work out a formula for calculating the discharge of oblique practical weirs and show its error in the range of 4.63% relative to the measurements, meeting the need of most engineering designs.

关 键 词：斜交堰 实用堰 水力特性 过流能力 流量系数 

分 类 号：TV132.22[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]